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Showing 1 to 15 of 336 results Save | Export
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Takanori Sato – Language Testing, 2024
Assessing the content of learners' compositions is a common practice in second language (L2) writing assessment. However, the construct definition of content in L2 writing assessment potentially underrepresents the target competence in content and language integrated learning (CLIL), which aims to foster not only L2 proficiency but also critical…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Content and Language Integrated Learning, Writing Evaluation, Writing Tests
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Hung Tan Ha; Duyen Thi Bich Nguyen; Tim Stoeckel – Language Testing, 2024
Word frequency has a long history of being considered the most important predictor of word difficulty and has served as a guideline for several aspects of second language vocabulary teaching, learning, and assessment. However, recent empirical research has challenged the supremacy of frequency as a predictor of word difficulty. Accordingly,…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Vocabulary Skills, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Yan, Xun; Chuang, Ping-Lin – Language Testing, 2023
This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine how rater performance develops during a semester-long rater certification program for an English as a Second Language (ESL) writing placement test at a large US university. From 2016 to 2018, we tracked three groups of novice raters (n = 30) across four rounds in the certification program.…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Interrater Reliability, Item Response Theory, Certification
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Jianmin Gao; Peijian Paul Sun; Chenxin Li – Language Testing, 2025
Second language (L2) utterance fluency is crucial for speaking proficiency assessment. The measurement of L2 utterance fluency relies heavily on silent pause identification. However, empirical studies establishing specific silent pause thresholds for L2 monologic speaking are scarce, and even fewer exist for L2 dialogic speaking. This study thus…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Fluency, Communicative Competence (Languages), Oral Language
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Emma Bruce; Karen Dunn; Tony Clark – Language Testing, 2025
Several high-stakes English proficiency tests including but not limited to IELTS, PTE Academic, and TOEFL iBT recommend a 2-year time limit on validity for score usage. Although this timeframe provides a useful rule-of-thumb for the recency of testing, it can have far-reaching consequences. In response to stakeholder queries around IELTS validity…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Language Tests, Test Validity, Scores
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Suh Keong Kwon; Guoxing Yu – Language Testing, 2024
In this study, we examined the effect of visual cues in a second language listening test on test takers' viewing behaviours and their test performance. Fifty-seven learners of English in Korea took a video-based listening test, with their eye movements recorded, and 23 of them were interviewed individually after the test. The participants viewed…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Eye Movements
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Butler, Yuko Goto; Peng, Xiaolin; Lee, Jiyoon – Language Testing, 2021
Language assessment literacy (LAL) has recently gained substantial attention among language educators and other stakeholders. However, existing models focus almost exclusively on teachers, test developers, and administrators, and lack students' perspectives in their conceptualizations. To address this gap, with this exploratory study we aimed to…
Descriptors: Assessment Literacy, Language Tests, Elementary School Students, Grade 4
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J. Dylan Burton – Language Testing, 2024
Nonverbal behavior can impact language proficiency scores in speaking tests, but there is little empirical information of the size or consistency of its effects or whether language proficiency may be a moderating variable. In this study, 100 novice raters watched and scored 30 recordings of test takers taking an international, high stakes…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Language Fluency, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
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Min, Shangchao; He, Lianzhen – Language Testing, 2022
In this study, we present the development of individualized feedback for a large-scale listening assessment by combining standard setting and cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) approaches. We used the performance data from 3,358 students' item-level responses to a field test of a national EFL test primarily intended for tertiary-level EFL…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Okim Kang; Xun Yan; Maria Kostromitina; Ron Thomson; Talia Isaacs – Language Testing, 2024
This study aimed to answer an ongoing validity question related to the use of nonstandard English accents in international tests of English proficiency and associated issues of test fairness. More specifically, we examined (1) the extent to which different or shared English accents had an impact on listeners' performances on the Duolingo listening…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Nonstandard Dialects
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Toprak, Tugba Elif; Cakir, Abdulvahit – Language Testing, 2021
Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) has been applied to language assessment in a number of studies in which a diagnostic classification model (DCM) was retrofitted to the results of a non-diagnostic assessment. However, the need to apply CDA through utilization of an inductive rather than a retrofitted approach has been a recurrent theme in…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Undergraduate Students, Young Adults
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Tavakoli, Parvaneh; Kendon, Gill; Mazhurnaya, Svetlana; Ziomek, Anna – Language Testing, 2023
The main aim of this study was to investigate how oral fluency is assessed across different levels of proficiency in the Test of English for Educational Purposes (TEEP). Working with data from 56 test-takers performing a monologic task at a range of proficiency levels (equivalent to approximately levels 5.0, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 in the IELTS scoring…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Eberharter, Kathrin; Kormos, Judit; Guggenbichler, Elisa; Ebner, Viktoria S.; Suzuki, Shungo; Moser-Frötscher, Doris; Konrad, Eva; Kremmel, Benjamin – Language Testing, 2023
In online environments, listening involves being able to pause or replay the recording as needed. Previous research indicates that control over the listening input could improve the measurement accuracy of listening assessment. Self-pacing also supports the second language (L2) comprehension processes of test-takers with specific learning…
Descriptors: Literacy, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Khaled Barkaoui – Language Testing, 2025
English-medium universities often accept scores from various English language proficiency (ELP) tests as evidence of ELP from non-English background students. This practice raises the question of how these tests compare in terms of their ability to predict academic achievement. This longitudinal study addresses this question by examining the…
Descriptors: English Learners, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests
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Ramsey L. Cardwell; Steven W. Nydick; J.R. Lockwood; Alina A. von Davier – Language Testing, 2024
Applicants must often demonstrate adequate English proficiency when applying to postsecondary institutions by taking an English language proficiency test, such as the TOEFL iBT, IELTS Academic, or Duolingo English Test (DET). Concordance tables aim to provide equivalent scores across multiple assessments, helping admissions officers to make fair…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Language Proficiency
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