Background: This study investigates the effects of higher and lower-level text processing strategies on both higher and lower-level processing skills and cognitive load using the computer-assisted interactive reading model (CAIRM) as the educational intervention framework. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of the…

This study investigates the effects of online instructors' use of initiation and maintenance rapport-building strategies (RBS) on Chinese EFL learners' CALL motivation and cognitive load management. Mixed methods research was used to concurrently triangulate different strands of data on the effects of RBS on 86 randomly sampled EFL learners. The…

Background: Computer-mediated writing classes have experienced a significant increase in popularity in recent years, serving as an effective modality for enhancing writing skills within an online framework. Objectives: This study seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the effectiveness of cognitive, social, and group-awareness…

Mobile apps are becoming part and parcel of our daily lives. Hence, this study examined the differential effects of app modes on listening comprehension and recognition. From a pool of Egyptian EFL sophomores, 107 students were randomly assigned into 3 groups practicing mobile-assisted listening in 3 modalities: Unimodal (n = 35), Bimodal (n =…

The study investigates the effects of AI-enhanced multi-display language teaching systems on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Utilizing a pretest-posttest random assignment experimental design, the research involved 302 EFL students aged 19 to 28 in a higher education setting. The study examines the effects of AI-powered virtual…

Since ineffective foreign language (FL) vocabulary teaching has been shown in the higher education of mainland China, this study aims to achieve a satisfactory vocabulary teaching outcome through the construction of a computer-based systematic vocabulary teaching mode. Based on constructivism, the mode was established with three essential teaching…

This study investigates the differential impacts of various online language assessment models--specifically, the Nonlinear Dynamic Individual-Centered Language Assessment (NDICLA), diagnostic assessment, and formative assessment--on the cognitive load and learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners within computer-assisted…

This paper discusses the emergence of a new student figure as a result of the Anglophone (We use the term 'Anglophone' here with no intention that native-speakerism and native-culturism are exclusively related to the English language, but only to describe the current situation in a context in which English is the dominant language) neoliberal…

Background: Some studies have researched the correlation between flipped learning and cognitive learning outcomes; however, there is a paucity of research elaborating on the effects of flipped language learning on cognitive load (CL). Objectives: This study investigates the effects of using flipped learning designs (student-led, teacher-led and…

Flow, a subjective state of optimal engagement and immersion, is characterized by a balance of perceived challenges and skills, interest, attention, and a sense of control (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). Investigating flow in language learning can provide valuable insights into effective learning processes and contexts (Egbert, 2003). Self-regulated…

This study investigates the effects of four online vocabulary tasks on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition among learners of different proficiency levels. While tasks are widely used to support L2 vocabulary learning, the efficacy of a task depends on the interplay between task and learner factors. Thus, choosing an appropriate task…

The aim of this article is to reveal the ways in which six 14- to 15-year-old second language (L2) learners, two each of high, mid, and low English proficiency levels were cognitively engaged in writing while using an automated content feedback program known as the Essay Critiquing System 2.0 in three out of five workshops in a Hong Kong secondary…

The flipped classroom is one of many technology-enhanced teaching strategies. In this approach, students are responsible for initial learning at home (often via instructional videos) and class time is used for problem-solving and activities to deepen understanding. Although research on and use of the flipped classroom in language education is…

This article offers a historical analysis of the major themes that the language motivation field has examined in its 60-year history. The discussion starts by briefly reviewing the social-psychological and the situated-cognitive periods. The former was primarily concerned with affective factors in intergroup relations, while the latter with…

This study examines differences in English listening comprehension, cognitive load, and learning behaviour between outdoor ubiquitous learning and indoor computer-assisted learning. An experimental design, employing a pretest-posttest control group is employed. Randomly assigned foreign language university majors joined either the experimental…