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Özlem Canaran; Ilknur Bayram; Murat Dogan; Meltem Huri Baturay – International Journal of Listening, 2024
Recent research focusing on the sources of listening anxiety identified individual and external factors (IEF), listeners' control over input (LC), and perceived level of task difficulty (PTD) as the main causes of anxiety among L2 listeners. This correlational study aims to explore whether the sources of anxiety in L2 listening have a causal…
Descriptors: Listening Skills, Anxiety, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Mahmoud Abdi Tabari; Xiaofei Lu; Yizhou Wang – Language Awareness, 2025
This study explored the relationship between task complexity, textual emotionality, and linguistic complexity in second language (L2) writing. Fifty-eight L2 English learners performed simple and complex versions of an argumentative writing task manipulated along with resource-directing variables. The essays were first analysed for textual…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Seyedhamed Sadoughvanini; Hamed Ghaemi – Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2025
The ability of students to deal with common academic difficulties is referred to as academic buoyancy. It can also be described as the capacity of students over obstacles and difficulties that are typical of the everyday school experience. The purpose of this research was to examine the connections between the academic buoyancy of Iranian…
Descriptors: Computer Mediated Communication, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Noroozi, Shadi; Karami, Hossein – Language Testing in Asia, 2022
Recently, researchers have expressed their growing concern over the scrutiny of language test items in light of cognitive load theory (CLT). While cognitive load has been central to language learning research, it has not enjoyed due attention in high-stakes language tests. The current study set out to delve into the relationship between difficulty…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Cognitive Processes, Correlation, Language Tests
Mu-Hsuan Chou – Educational Psychology, 2023
Approaches to learning a second/foreign language can be affected by such individual differences as personality traits, motivational variables, and task difficulty. Personality traits have been proven to influence academic achievement, but their effects on motivation and language learning approaches remain unanswered. The first purpose of the study…
Descriptors: Academic Persistence, Personality Traits, Resilience (Psychology), Task Analysis
Rafatbakhsh, Elaheh; Ahmadi, Alireza – Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2023
Estimating the difficulty of reading tests is critical in second language education and assessment. This study was aimed at examining various text features that might influence the difficulty level of a high-stakes reading comprehension test and predict test takers' scores. To this end, the responses provided by 17,900 test takers on the reading…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Comprehension
Onat Küçük – Turkish Journal of Education, 2023
This study aims to investigate preservice English teachers' motivations for choosing the teaching career, and their student burnout levels. The correlation between these variables, and the participants' perspectives about student burnout reasons in English Language Teaching departments were examined. The sample consisted of 466 preservice English…
Descriptors: Preservice Teachers, Teacher Burnout, Teacher Education Programs, English (Second Language)
Mahmoud Abdi Tabari; Minyoung Cho – Language Teaching Research, 2025
To test the predictive power of the SSARC (stabilize, simplify, automatize, reconstruct, and complexify) model of pedagogic task sequencing in second language (L2) writing development, the present study explores the performance of written decision-making tasks with varied levels of cognitive complexity in a simple-to-complex sequence in comparison…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Advanced Students
Pham, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Linh Thi Diem; Pham, Vi Thi Tuong – Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2022
This study investigates the difficulties in translation and factors influencing the translating process from foreign language students' perspectives at a private university. This work also aims to find out the reasons why foreign language students encounter the difficulties in the process and learn about the different ways in which students…
Descriptors: Translation, Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Yang, Rui – Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2022
English argumentative writing is difficult in second language writing for ESL students. Although there has been a lot of research on English argumentative writings, empirical research focusing on claims in argumentative writing is very scarce. Based on the Toulmin model, this paper studied the relationship between the claims and English…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Persuasive Discourse
Güngör, Burcu; Önder, Alev – Early Education and Development, 2023
Research Findings: The aim of this study was to construct and validate "English Picture Vocabulary Test (EPVT)" that aimed to assess the very young learners' (VYLs) receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge for specific content areas in English as a foreign language (EFL). In this context, EPVT was created in several stages. One of…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Construction, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Lv, Lihui; Liu, Chunyan – English Language Teaching, 2022
This paper investigated how production task combined with teacher feedback (in the form of recasts) affects child second language development, and the effects of task complexity on their production performance. 92 child learners of English in three intact classes were assigned to three tasks of different complexity (simple, +complex, ++complex).…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Mulder, Evelien; van de Ven, Marco; Segers, Eliane; Krepel, Alexander; de Bree, Elise H.; de Jong, Peter F.; Verhoeven, Ludo – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
We assessed the relationship between word-to-text-integration (WTI) and reading comprehension in 7th grade students (n = 441) learning English as a second language (L2). The students performed a self-paced WTI reading task in Fall (T1) and Spring (T2), consisting of three text manipulation types (anaphora resolution, argument overlap, anomaly…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency
Kim, Yoonseo – English Teaching, 2022
This study explored how task complexity, writing behaviors (i.e., pausing and revision behaviors), and writing performance (i.e., task completion, coherence and cohesion, language use, and expression and tone) influence and relate to each other. Thirty advanced-level Korean EFL undergraduates completed writing tasks differing in complexity. A…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Luo, Xiaobo – English Language Teaching, 2022
From the perspective of complexity theory and based on Robinson's Cognition Hypothesis and the Triadic Componential Framework, this paper investigated the effect of manipulating task complexity along resource-dispersing dimension on L2 written performance. The results showed that: 1) Significant interactive effects were found between the two…
Descriptors: Writing Skills, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Task Analysis