A study investigated 42 native English-speakers' (NSs) perceptions of the pragmatic appropriateness of refusal statements. The NSs rated the appropriateness of 24 written statements in 4 different refusal scenarios, which were collected from both native speakers and non-native speakers. Four weeks later, as a reliability check, the subjects rated…

A study investigated whether transfer from native to second language in writing occurs, and if so, whether the different rhetorical structures that student writers from other cultures bring to the task of writing in English affect their writing in ways that may affect the grades assigned by experienced raters. To do so, the processes used by essay…