Discusses the semantic functions of the English future formations: "will/shall,""to be going to," and the present tense. Points out that these all have modal as well as temporal significance, making the traditional teaching of the English future imprecise and misleading. (IFS/WGA)

Cautions against a "synonymic" or "structural-semantic" approach to constructing texts and in reading them. Concern over matching each foreign word with a native-language word results in limiting the vocabulary of the text and the student's knowledge. Speech-act theory suggests a more flexible approach. (IFS/WGA)

This article presents a method for teaching the meaning of the word "hope" to students of English as a second/foreign language. (CFM)

The use of "some" and "any" does not depend solely on syntactic factors (sentence type), as hitherto taught, but also on the speaker's expectation and other pragmatic elements and on semantic factors not limited to those of quantification. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

English modal verbs constitute a problem for the student of English as a foreign language. This study presents a methodology for a systematic presentation of the meaning of modal verbs. The modals "can,""may,""must," and "have to" are studied. (SW)

The modal system in English is unique among verbs and constitutes a considerable learning burden for ESL learners. Problems may be reduced by careful delineation of semantic functions for individual modals and understanding of semantic coverage of perfect constructions compared to simple forms. Instruction of modal perfects is discussed. (CHK)

Discusses the problems involved in teaching Italian students the English equivalents of the verb "dovere." (CFM)

Discusses the difference in meaning and use of "both" and "the two.""Both" applies to related actors, "the two" to independent ones. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Gives some general suggestions for teaching English modal auxiliary verbs. For example, "would" and "could" should be taught as verbs in their own right, rather than as forms of "will" and "can." English modals do not exactly match German modals. (IFS/WGA)

Lexical selection is often difficult for second language students. When, in the case of errors not covered in grammar books, the teacher is able to work out the explanation (feature cooccurrence, for example), the student will have a means of avoiding the error in the future. (POP)

An approach to teaching grammar to university students in a reading comprehension course in English as a foreign language is presented. It is argued that the material and the method of teaching should be determined by the special aim of the course. (Author/RM)