That "will" and "shall" are modal, not temporal, verbs is shown by their syntactic similarity to the modals and by the fact that they follow the same transformational rules as the modals. This example demonstrates the usefulness of transformational grammar in explaining grammatical relationships to students. (Text is in…

The behavior of the "It's...who..." type of construction and its relation to defining and non-defining relative clauses is examined. Reference is made particularly to suprasegmental features. Parallels are drawn to French relative constructions. (SCC)

Teaching of modal auxiliaries without developing in students an understanding of the concepts and unity underlying their use may undermine the original objective of communication in language. The use of a classification matrix with a set of sample sentences is suggested as an effective method of presentation. (MSE)

Instead of teaching three divisions (when-type clauses, conditional clauses, and wish-clauses), two units may be used (possible situations and contrary-to-fact situations). Suggestions are made for interesting class practice. (MSE)

Many examples of the present perfect tense are proposed. These are accompanied by simple rules to help the student get a clear idea and better grasp of the use of the present perfect in British English. The article is designed for teachers of English to Francophones. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

Discusses two types of adjectival phrase: (1) the premodifying phrases derived from postmodifying equivalents, and (2) obligatory coordination with and between semantically similar pairs of premodifying adjectives. (Author/CFM)

Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the Modern Language Association of America, December 29, 1968, in New York, New York. (DS)

Discusses the problems involved in teaching Italian students the English equivalents of the verb "dovere." (CFM)

Observing that foreign learners of English rarely use question tags in normal conversation, whereas native speakers of English make great use of them, the article recommends greater attention to question tags in teaching English as a foreign language. (IFS/WGA)

Presents a transformationally oriented analysis of the relative clause in English, Hindi, and Baghdad Arabic and points out differences in emphasis which must be observed when teaching the English restrictive relative clause to Hindi and Baghdad Arabic speakers. (FB)