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Jiang, Hai – 1999
The purpose of this paper is to describe the techniques used in establishing the concordance tables between the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), paper and pencil (P&P), and computer-based testing (CBT) sections and total reported score scales. Listening, reading, and composite structure and essay scores plus a total score are…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Estimation (Mathematics), Scaling