The concept of spiraling--systematic revisiting of the same material with increasingly broader and deeper explanations and practice--is applied to the teaching of grammar, particularly to two major classes of items: the class that is too complex for easy assimilation and the class that consists of the integration of syntactic rules and semantic…

In an example of the redundancy effect, learning is inhibited when written and spoken text containing the same information is presented simultaneously rather than in written or spoken form alone. The current research was designed to investigate whether the redundancy effect applied to reading comprehension in English as a foreign language (EFL) by…

Clues provided by redundancy in composition forms can help ESL students recognize and relate ideas in advanced reading. Points to cover in teaching are reading for ideas, clues in the formal environment and clues in idea development. Rules, examples and suggestions for application are discussed. (CHK)

This quarterly newsletter contains articles on a variety of subjects relevant to teaching English as a second language. The first article concerns cloze procedures to test reading ability; the article includes a list of procedures in non-technical terms for teachers to follow. The second article discusses the use of games in teaching English as a…