Describes study to determine whether "constellations" of cohesive items occur in letters, reports, and textbooks. Concludes cohesive elements can be identified in each type of discourse but generalizations cannot be made about cohesive features in broad classes of applied and academic English for Business and Economics (EBE) discourse.…

Views little use of ESP textbooks as a problem of educational failure and claims that a reconsideration of role and structure of ESP textbooks would allow them a restricted but legitimate place in ESP work. Illustrates proposal with an example from English for Academic Legal Purposes. (Author/BK)

Reports on a study done to test the validity of the Test of Spoken English (TSE) in evaluating foreign nursing graduates. Results show that the TSE is a valid measure of oral proficiency in the nursing profession and that it is possible to establish professionally-based standards of proficiency. (SED)

Posits the premise that academic written discourse in English is conceptually hierarchical and illustrates this by contrasting hierarchism as a linguistic concept to the concept of linearity. Presents a sample lesson (Hierarchical Model) based on this premise and discusses the advantages of teaching reading through this model. (SED)

Proposes use of target situation analysis (TSA) as means of removing superfluous terminology and establishing different levels of need in order to realize value of needs analysis in ESP. TSA goes into situations, collects and analyzes data to establish the communication that occurs. (Author/BK)

Describes how poster sessions such as those used for conference presentations have been adapted to an intensive English for Specific Purposes program at the Graduate School Language Center in Beijing, People's Republic of China. These are used for training Chinese scientists to go abroad for further study and research in English-speaking…

Describes the establishment of SEASPEAK (an international maritime English), a restricted, regularized sublanguage for use in ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication. Discusses a project by which this sublanguage is being tested and developed, with the intention of producing a reference manual of recommended language and procedures of…

Analyzes economics texts and examines range of meanings conveyed by the simple conditional form and the expression of conditional meaning. Concludes that relationship between economic concepts and their verbal expressions cannot be correlated. Authors suggest that teachers of English for economics and teachers of economics need to recognize this…

Examines a selection of papers from the "British Medical Journal" to determine how, why, and where the subjective element (as distinguished from objective statements of accepted fact) is introduced in three categories of articles. Makes recommendations from findings to be considered in syllabus design for English for science and…

Discusses the pedagogical concern of teaching students of English for special purposes (ESP) to interpret scientific and technological texts. Discovering the intentions of the author is not in accord with the actual practice of grammatical-rhetorical analysis. Rather the focus is on the message of the text itself. (SED)

Presents the results of a survey of differences between perceived academic needs of scholars from the People's Republic of China preparing to go abroad and those who have been in their host country for at least six months. Discusses the implications of these differences for curriculum planners of language training programs. (SED)

Describes models for organizing instruction in adult education classes in order to accommodate different language levels and learning objectives. Also describes the diverse settings for vocational English as a second language (VESL) in adult education. Offers suggestions for and examples of relating classroom management to various VESL settings.…

Discusses basic skills training for refugees and the use of a work setting laboratory (WSL). A WSL provides a situation that produces a need to use the English language and communication skills that have earlier been introduced in a classroom setting and a chance to experience cultural points in action. (SED)

Discusses how to use various sources of information such as reference books, vocational education materials, job site observations, and vocational instructors to develop an occupation-specific vocational English-as-a-second-language program. Suggests how to organize this information into content areas and language requirements. (SED)

Describes one approach to discovering what language is needed for entry-level jobs. By observing language use in two health care occupations, it was found that seeking clarification, reporting problems, understanding imperatives and numbers, and being able to socialize are fundamental to most entry-level jobs. (SED)