Air pollution control authorities were forced to relax air quality standards during the winter of 1972 by granting variances. This paper examines the institutional characteristics of these variance policies from an economic incentive standpoint, sets up desirable structural criteria for institutional design and arrives at policy guidelines for…

Estimates of energy demand in the future must be approached with caution; however, evidence strongly suggests that future energy demand is by no means predetermined and that low-demand futures are quite feasible both technically and economically. (Author/RE)

Redevelopment and expansion of United States coal resources are economic necessities. Environmentalists' objections to the less expensive, available United States coal, that introduces large amounts of SOx and particulates into the air, may be overcome with the options of coal cleaning, tall stacks, material recovery and stack cleaning. (BT)

A national commitment was made a decade ago to repair the damage industrial society had wrought on the physical surroundings. That commitment left unanswered what technical methods should be employed in the repair job. This article discusses the problems faced by the environmentalist and the industrialist concerning a coal policy. (Author/MA)

Our energy growth is slowing down and will level off in the 1990s. Our oil and gas production passed a peak in the early 1970s. Coal is the only fossil fuel capable of increased production. Finding rates for petroleum, natural gas, and uranium are less than half what they were twenty years ago. (Author/BB)

Suggests that in trying to avoid the extreme Malthusian catastrophy, collision between decreasing resources and increasing population, expanded efforts should be made to develop safe and plentiful nuclear power while meeting the real needs of the near future by moderating unwarrented demands and improving conventional techniques. (Author/AL)

To meet energy needs, the World's energy base must be broadly diversified. This diversification, including such possibilities as fossil fuels, nuclear, solar, geothermal, tidal and aeolian energy, must proceed without undue environmental damage and be economically feasible. Compromises between energy, economics and the environment will have to be…

This guide is intended to help teachers integrate energy education into middle schools or junior high schools. A teacher's section includes an introduction, bibliography, and glossary. Thereafter, teacher materials sections and student materials sections are paired under topical headings addressing world-wide energy iasues. Energy issues are…

This report lists the results of a 50 state survey on education's response to the energy crisis conducted in December 1973. The survey asked respondents in state departments of education and state higher education executive offices to report facts about their state's response to the energy crisis, as well as their own opinions and projections.…

Recommended for grades 7-10 social studies classes, this unit presents information about the history of oil, how fast it is being used, difficulties in transporting it, and oil's effect on the world economy. The unit, consisting of eight daily lesson plans, which may be expanded over several more days, contains activity sheets which allow students…

This report reviews the economic impacts of the energy dilemma. Presented are viewpoints that have emerged relating to: (1) the desirability of economic growth; (2) the relationship between economic growth and energy usage; (3) the effects of energy wage in limiting or expanding the opportunities for growth; and (4) whether there is some sense in…

This study surveys the existing literature related to various technical aspects of electric power production, with primary emphasis on the supply of the various fuels used in the production of electricity and on the environmental consequences of energy conversion. It was prepared by the Environmental Policy Division, Legislative Reference Service,…