The US Forest Service has a long history of youth conservation education. We investigated U.S. Forest Service citizen science programs that involve secondary school students in field collection of monitoring data to understand (1) how the programs integrated science and environmental education and (2) whether these programs advance ecological…

Given the fundamental objective of ESD--perspective change--it is increasingly being aligned with the theoretical foundation of Mezirow's Transformative Learning. In 2008, Sipos et al. built upon this connection by proposing a matrix of learning objectives to assess ESD in formal settings. These objectives, grouped under the title of…

Encourages use of an integrated multidisciplinary approach by environmentalists for program design and problem solving. Suggests that economic and political influences on present day environmental issues be emphasized. Recommends that a collective approach involving teams of specialists or forums be used to solve environmental problems. (ML)

Discussed are the theoretical bases of a university social ecology program expressed in biology, sociology, and psychology. It emphasizes man as a biological organism interacting in a cultural-physical environment. Since the program is multidisciplinary and community-oriented the organization is by problem area such as man-environment interactions…