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Direct linkMay I. Conley; Eda Naz Dinc; Zhuoran Xiang; Arielle Baskin-Sommers – Child Development, 2024
This study used latent transition analysis to examine the stability and change in perceived threats in youth's primary social contexts--neighborhoods, schools, and families--and associations with emotional and behavioral problems when youth transitioned from childhood to adolescence. The sample included 8208 racially and ethnically diverse youth…
Descriptors: Safety, Adolescents, Social Environment, Neighborhoods
Kvavilashvili, Lia; Ford, Ruth M. – Child Development, 2022
In a cross-sectional study, 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old-children and adults (N = 144, 86 females, predominantly White U.K. sample of lower-middle to middle-class background) were interviewed about their experiences of involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and semantic mind-pops that come to mind unintentionally. Although some age differences…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Finkel, Deborah; Davis, Deborah W.; Giangrande, Evan J.; Womack, Sean; Turkheimer, Eric; Beam, Christopher – Child Development, 2022
The current analysis investigates genetic and environmental influences on the bidirectional relationships between temperament and general cognitive ability (GCA). Measures of GCA and three temperament factors (persistence, approach, and reactivity) were collected from 486 children ages 4-9 years (80% white, 50% female) from the Louisville Twin…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Personality Traits, Cognitive Ability
Jensen, Toril S.; Berntsen, Dorthe; Kingo, Osman S.; Krøjgaard, Peter – Child Development, 2022
Verbally reported long-term memory for past events typically improves with age. However, such findings are based exclusively on studies, where children are directly asked to recall. The present study showed that when 3- (n = 113, 59 girls) and 4-year-olds (n = 113, 62 girls), predominantly White, were brought back to a distinct laboratory-setting…
Descriptors: Environmental Influences, Cues, Recall (Psychology), Early Experience
Giangrande, Evan J.; Beam, Christopher R.; Finkel, Deborah; Davis, Deborah W.; Turkheimer, Eric – Child Development, 2022
This study investigated the systematic rise in cognitive ability scores over generations, known as the "Flynn Effect," across middle childhood and early adolescence (7-15 years; 291 monozygotic pairs, 298 dizygotic pairs; 89% White). Leveraging the unique structure of the Louisville Twin Study (longitudinal data collected continuously…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Scores, Intelligence Tests, Children
Nussenbaum, Kate; Velez, Juan A.; Washington, Bradli T.; Hamling, Hannah E.; Hartley, Catherine A. – Child Development, 2022
Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8-25 year-olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Modeling (Psychology), Expectation, Decision Making
Suzanne M. Egan; Jennifer Pope – Child Development, 2024
Using data from a nationally representative sample of 5-year-olds in the Growing Up in Ireland study (N = 9001, 51% male), this research investigated the role of factors in the neighborhood environment on levels of active outdoor play in young children. Primary caregivers (98% mothers; 81% Irish) responded to questions regarding their child's…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Young Children, Neighborhoods, Environmental Influences
Chloe Austerberry; Pasco Fearon; Angelica Ronald; Leslie D. Leve; Jody M. Ganiban; Misaki N. Natsuaki; Daniel S. Shaw; Jenae M. Neiderhiser; David Reiss – Child Development, 2024
This study examined gene-environment correlation (rGE) in intellectual and academic development in 561 U.S.-based adoptees (57% male; 56% non-Latinx White, 19% multiracial, 13% Black or African American, 11% Latinx) and their birth and adoptive parents between 2003 and 2017. Birth mother intellectual and academic performance predicted adoptive…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Adoption, Mothers, Cognitive Ability
Young, Ethan S.; Frankenhuis, Willem E.; DelPriore, Danielle J.; Ellis, Bruce J. – Child Development, 2022
Adversity-exposed youth tend to score lower on cognitive tests. However, the hidden talents approach proposes some abilities are enhanced by adversity, especially under ecologically relevant conditions. Two versions of an attention-shifting and working memory updating task--one abstract, one ecological--were administered to 618 youth (M[subscript…
Descriptors: Youth, Trauma, Stress Variables, Problems
Anderson, Nina J.; Graham, Susan A.; Prime, Heather; Jenkins, Jennifer M.; Madigan, Sheri – Child Development, 2021
This meta-analysis examined associations between the quantity and quality of parental linguistic input and children's language. Pooled effect size for quality (i.e., vocabulary diversity and syntactic complexity; k = 35; N = 1,958; r = .33) was more robust than for quantity (i.e., number of words/tokens/utterances; k = 33; N = 1,411; r = .20) of…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Linguistic Input, Child Language, Effect Size
Shuffrey, Lauren C.; Morales, Santiago; Jacobson, Melanie H.; Bosquet Enlow, Michelle; Ghassabian, Akhgar; Margolis, Amy E.; Lucchini, Maristella; Carroll, Kecia N.; Crum, Rosa M.; Dabelea, Dana; Deutsch, Arielle; Fifer, William P.; Goldson, Brandon; Hockett, Christine W.; Mason, W. Alex; Jacobson, Lisette T.; O'Connor, Thomas G.; Pini, Nicolò; Rayport, Yael; Sania, Ayesha; Trasande, Leonardo; Wright, Rosalind J.; Lee, Seonjoo; Monk, Catherine – Child Development, 2023
This study examined the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms with externalizing, internalizing, and autism spectrum problems on the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist in 2379 children aged 4.12 ± 0.60 (48% female; 47% White, 32% Black, 15% Mixed Race, 4% Asian, <2% American…
Descriptors: Young Children, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Mothers
Grasby, Katrina L.; Coventry, William L.; Byrne, Brian; Olson, Richard K. – Child Development, 2019
Socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to moderate the influence of genes and the environment on cognitive ability, such that genetic influence is greater when SES is higher, and the shared environment is greater when SES is lower, but not in all Western countries. The effects of both family and school SES on the heritability of literacy and…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Literacy, Numeracy, Foreign Countries
Erbeli, Florina; van Bergen, Elsje; Hart, Sara A. – Child Development, 2020
The purpose of this study was to test the directionality of influence between reading comprehension (RC) and print exposure (PE), thereby estimating genetic and environmental effects of this relation. The sample consisted of 910 twins in fourth through ninth grades (M[subscript age] = 12.33 years, SD = 1.41) from the Florida Twin Project on…
Descriptors: Correlation, Reading Comprehension, Twins, Reading Instruction
Wertz, Jasmin; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Agnew-Blais, Jessica; Arseneault, Louise; Belsky, Daniel W.; Corcoran, David L.; Houts, Renate; Matthews, Timothy; Prinz, Joseph A.; Richmond-Rakerd, Leah S.; Sugden, Karen; Williams, Benjamin; Caspi, Avshalom – Child Development, 2020
This study tested implications of new genetic discoveries for understanding the association between parental investment and children's educational attainment. A novel design matched genetic data from 860 British mothers and their children with home-visit measures of parenting: the E-Risk Study. Three findings emerged. First, both mothers' and…
Descriptors: Genetics, Mothers, Parent Child Relationship, Children
Lauro, Justin; Core, Cynthia; Hoff, Erika – Child Development, 2020
Effects of child and environmental factors in moderating the course of bilingual development were investigated using longitudinal data, from age 2.5 to 5 years, on 126 U.S.-born children with early exposure to Spanish and English. Multilevel models of Spanish and English expressive vocabulary identified children's phonological memory ability as a…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Spanish, English, Young Children
