Schools' overt or explicit practices are a dominant lens through which education researchers and policymakers attempt to understand how schools are racially inequitable. Yet, Lewis and Diamond argue that contemporary racial inequalities are largely sustained through implicit factors, like institutional practices and structural inequalities. Ray's…

This article explores whether racial disparities in mathematics arise in majority White schools for students who receive in-school suspensions (ISS). Using data from the High School Longitudinal Survey and machine learning generated propensity scores to estimate average treatment effects, we find Black suspended students in schools with low White…

Promoting equality in college enrollment and completion must start early in students' college-going journeys, including with their expectations to first earn a college degree. With a nationally representative sample of high school students, I evaluate the ability of a recent collection of college access policies (place-based "promise"…

Using data on ninth graders, math teachers, and schools from the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, we investigate the following questions: (1) How do ninth graders' perceptions of their math teachers as equitable relate to their math identity at the intersection of adolescents' race and gender? and (2) Do…

A large literature in higher education research has focused on disparities in rates of successful completion of the various steps along the path that leads to college enrollment (e.g. completing a college preparatory curriculum, taking the SAT or ACT, applying to a college) as an important source of inequitable college attainment between groups of…

This study examines how Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education may improve English Language Learners' academic achievement and high school graduation. In particular, it highlights the plight faced by ELLs in high schools regarding quality education that allows them to graduate on time and attend college. The analysis…

Students with aligned educational and occupational expectations have improved college and labor market outcomes. Despite extensive knowledge about the ways social background and school context contribute to educational expectations, less is known about the role of social intuitions in shaping expectational alignment. Drawing on data from the 2009…

For this brief, EdTrust and Just Equations partnered to explore differences in patterns of math course enrollment for high school students using data from students who participated in the 2009 High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS:09). Like other research has shown, the authors find that high-achieving Black and Latino students and students from…

This dissertation consists of two chapters studying the importance of household income for shaping student outcomes in the market for higher education in the United States. The first chapter uses the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 to document that conditional on student ability, high-income students are more likely to enroll in college and…

Young Black women face dual marginality in the classroom due to longstanding racial and gender stereotypes. However, critical examinations of their academic dispositions remain relatively absent from current discourse on Black student achievement. The mathematics dispositions of Black girls (N = 1707) who completed the High School Longitudinal…

In this study I report results of an quantitative analysis using a large scale public dataset (HSLS:09) to investigate which students are taking statistics courses in high school to begin to understand the access students have to opportunities to learn statistics concepts and practices in high schools in the United States. The main result of this…

We leverage nationally representative data and statewide data from Washington to investigate trends in occupational career and technical education (CTE) participation for students with and without disabilities. Consistent with prior work, we document declines in occupational CTE participation since the early 2000s, and provide the first empirical…

The ink from the reauthorization of the Perkins Act -- the federal policy governing career and technical education (CTE) -- in the summer of 2018 is still fresh. This much-needed update builds upon some of the major tenets of the 2006 version, including emphases on increasing the participation of low-income students in CTE and encouraging CTE…

The ink from the reauthorization of the Perkins Act -- the federal policy governing career and technical education (CTE) -- in the summer of 2018 is still fresh. This much-needed update builds upon some of the major tenets of the 2006 version, including emphases on increasing the participation of low-income students in CTE and encouraging CTE…

In this paper I explore factors of teachers' latent conceptually and procedurally-oriented instructional emphasis received by 9th grade students included in the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:2009), along with the association between these factors and student achievement, and differences in these factors across diverse student family…