Gains in school spending helped to lift achievement over the past half century. But California's ambitious effort--progressively distributing $23 billion in yearly funding to poorer districts--has yet to reduce disparities in learning. We theorize how administrators in districts and schools, given organizational habits and labor constraints, may…

This paper examines the higher education system in Brazil and one of the financial aid policies that the government has established. It seeks to find whether the Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior (FIES), Financing of Higher Education Student, a financial aid program established by the Brazilian government in 1999, addresses…

A full year of progress in advancing education reform across America is documented in each of the Foundation for Excellence in Education's Annual Reports. Throughout the illustrated pages of the reports, readers can find data-rich updates on the work of Foundation for Excellence in Education to advance student-centered policies in more than 40…

China has made huge strides in expanding access to higher education since the 1980s. The main approach to achieve mass higher education was cost-sharing reforms of tertiary education. This article examines the policy reforms that affected tuition, fees and subsidies for tertiary students since the end of the 1980s and looks at the effects in terms…

During the past year, Wisconsin state legislators debated a series of bills aimed at closing low-performing public schools and replacing them with privately run charter schools. These proposals were particularly targeted at Milwaukee, the state's largest and poorest school district. Ultimately, the only legislation enacted was a bill that modestly…

The Advisory Committee was created by Congress in the "Higher Education Amendments of 1986" to be an independent and nonpartisan source of knowledge, advice, and counsel to Congress and the Secretary of Education on federal, state, and institutional postsecondary student assistance. One of the most important analytical directives in the…

Since 1989, the United States Agency for International Development (AID) Africa bureau has operated under an Agency-wide Congressional Basic Education earmark, which specifically required the creation of five new basic education programs in sub-Saharan Africa between 1989 and 1991. The Bureau exceeded that goal by initiating primary education…

School financing generally has five goals: (1) substantial equalization of educational opportunity throughout a state, (2) fiscal neutrality--educational quantity and quality should not be dependent on local wealth, (3) equitable taxation, (4) efficient use of school funds, and (5) preservation of local control of education. No state has attained…

This report describes the issues to be considered and the decisions required for developing a plan to equalize resource distribution in District of Columbia schools. It compares the specifications for equalization under the court-ordered Wright Decree with those of Title I. It considers concepts of equality, resources to be equalized, definition…

This paper documents recent government policy changes and discusses the likelihood of their having significant, long-term impacts on policies to assist the educationally disadvantaged. It begins with an examination of traditional federal and state efforts to equalize educational opportunities through legal access guarantees, targeted categorical…

Gaps in early learning are starkly apparent among differing children even before they enter kindergarten. So, a rising number of states are trying to narrow initial achievement disparities by expanding access to quality preschool. At the same time, recent findings show that preschool is not a lasting inoculation: its benefits fade if children move…

Since 1968, there has been a monumental amount of litigation concerning the financing of schools. This seventeenth chapter of a book on school law reviews cases dealing with fiscal equalization of state-supported programs. Many cases litigated since 1977 and two litigated before 1977 are dealt with. In 1973 in the "San Antonio" case, the…

Factors to be considered when developing a new formula for financing public education in Connecticut are discussed in light of the Horton v. Meskill ruling, which declared Connecticut's financing method in violation of the state constitution. Formulas used by other states that may be applicable to Connecticut are also examined. (SF)

Some of the faults and values implied by present methods of financing higher education are examined, and new financial arrangements are proposed. Problems with the current system include: the price to the consumer of higher education in relation to its cost of production, tuition gaps among schools, and evaluating the price in relation to value of…

Independent colleges provide diversity, foster cultural pluralism, minimize state expenditures, and serve a broad cross-section of students--including low income and minority students. The National Commission on United Methodist Higher Education identifies three basic public policy principles: recognition of the essential public service function…