Southern support for racial issues has increased over time, but a gap persists between Black House members and northern and western Democrats, on the one hand, and southerners (especially southern Republicans), on the other. Region and partisanship thus explain the voting behavior of congressional representatives, even when their constituents…

Examines problems which prevented the development of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) into an effective agency; emphasizes its litigation record after Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended in 1972. Recommends that the EEOC be changed from a "claims adjustment bureau" to an enforcement agency. (Author/ML)

Reviews court litigation in Texas concerning the rights of children who are illegally residing in the United States to public schooling. Focuses particularly on the issue of whether the equal protection clause in the fourteenth amendment applies to noncitizens. (GC)

Written primarily for litigators, shows how minimum competency tests that are used to deny high school diplomas to disproportionate numbers of minority students can be successfully challenged under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (Author/MK)

Analyzes a 1982 Supreme Court decision in which a Texas statute that authorized local school districts to deny enrollment in public schools to children who were not "legally admitted" to the United States was judged to violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. (MJL)

This report examines the effects that the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment will have on laws concerning women. The amendment's impacts on divorced, married, and employed women, on women in the military and in school, and on women dependent on pensions, insurance, and social security are all analyzed. A discussion of the Constitutional…

Discusses the growing gap between the wages of women and men and reviews arguments opposing pay equity. Cites occupational segregation and sex-based wage discrimination as causes for the wage gap, and considers some remedies that have proven to be effective: negotiation, collective bargaining, litigation, and job evaluation studies. (KH)

Discusses the effects of the employer sanctions provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 on employers and undocumented immigrants. The following steps toward a just policy are considered: (1) repeal of employer sanctions; (2) fair treatment of Central Americans; and (3) recognition of the effect of U.S. foreign policy on…

State supreme courts have had major impacts on education policy and service delivery in recent years through their rulings on the constitutionality of existing school-finance systems. This paper reviews the legal context against which current debates about the merits of alternative plans for school-finance reform are being played out. It reviews…

This report concerns the adequacy and availability of services to linguistic minorities provided by the judiciary in New Jersey. The findings were as follows: (1) court interpreters generally do not possess required skills, knowledge, and training; (2) forms and documents are not translated by professionals, are not equal in quality to their…

Places migrants and refugees within the human rights context, contrasting inalienable rights with the demands of sovereignty, and juxtaposing the two in a context of existing and developing international standards. Shows how the law must evolve, responding coherently to contemporary problems, if the structure of rights is to be maintained.…

Criticizes Brandow's article on sex equality in Israel, discussing occupational status of women, women's education, women in the military, duality of religious and secular values and legislation, and role division between husbands and wives. Concludes that Israel's equality of the sexes is marked by gains in societal balance. (AOS)

Analyzes two personnel-related decisions--"City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co." and "Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio"--rendered during the 1988 term of the Supreme Court. Examines the impact they are expected to have on two key personnel-centered equity programs, affirmative action and equal employment opportunity. (AF)

The meaning of the Supreme Court's decision affirming the rights of undocumented alien children to attend public schools free of charge and the impact of this and recent decisions on other issues relating to national origin minority students are discussed in this memorandum. Among the other issues are the status of non-immigrant children legally…

Of the 2 million children suspended from school each year, a disproportionate number are minority youth who, although they make up only 5 percent of the school population, comprise 40 percent of all suspensions and expulsions. The United States Supreme Court has issued several rulings to protect students from arbitrary and capricious imposition of…