This study offers an approach to test equating under the latent D-scoring method (DSM-L) using the nonequivalent groups with anchor tests (NEAT) design. The accuracy of the test equating was examined via a simulation study under a 3 × 3 design by two conditions: group ability at three levels and test difficulty at three levels. The results for…

This study addresses the topic of how anchoring methods for differential item functioning (DIF) analysis can be used in multigroup scenarios. The direct approach would be to combine anchoring methods developed for two-group scenarios with multigroup DIF-detection methods. Alternatively, multiple tests could be carried out. The results of these…

This three-article dissertation aims to address three methodological challenges to ensure comparability in educational research, including scale linking, test equating, and propensity score (PS) weighting. The first study intends to improve test scale comparability by evaluating the effect of six missing data handling approaches, including…

Reporting standard errors of equating has been advocated as a standard practice when conducting test equating. The two most widely applied procedures for standard errors of equating including the bootstrap method and the delta method are either computationally intensive or confined to the derivations of complicated formulas. In the current study,…

This study presents a latent (item response theory--like) framework of a recently developed classical approach to test scoring, equating, and item analysis, referred to as "D"-scoring method. Specifically, (a) person and item parameters are estimated under an item response function model on the "D"-scale (from 0 to 1) using…

Psychometricians at an organization named the Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC) developed a new test scoring method called the latent D-scoring method (DSM-L) where it is believed that the new method itself is much easier and more efficient to use compared to the Item Response Theory (IRT) method. However, there are no studies…

Examination scores obtained by students from the West African Examinations Council (WAEC), and National Business and Technical Examinations Board (NABTEB) may not be directly comparable due to differences in examination administration, item characteristics of the subject in question, and student abilities. For more accurate comparisons, scores…

This study aims to develop a score equating application for computer-based school exams using parallel test kits with 25% anchor items. The items are arranged according to HOTS (High Order Thinking Skill) category, and use a scientific approach according to the physics lessons characteristics. Therefore, the questions were made using stimulus,…

We propose a comprehensive procedure for the implementation of a quality control process of anchor tests for a college admissions test with multiple consecutive administrations. We propose to examine the anchor tests and their items in connection with covariates to investigate if there was any unusual behavior in the anchor test results over time…

Studies have reported gender differences in academic self-efficacy. However, how and if academic self-efficacy questionnaires are gender-biased has not been psychometrically investigated. The psychometric properties of a general version of The Physics Self-Efficacy Questionnaire -- the General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (GASE) -- were analyzed…

Preequating is in demand because it reduces score reporting time. In this article, we evaluated an observed-score preequating method: the empirical item characteristic curve (EICC) method, which makes preequating without item response theory (IRT) possible. EICC preequating results were compared with a criterion equating and with IRT true-score…

The aim of the research reported here was to get some idea of the accuracy of grade boundaries (cut-scores) obtained by applying the 'similar items method' described in Bramley & Wilson (2016). In this method experts identify items on the current version of a test that are sufficiently similar to items on previous versions for them to be…

This explorative-descriptive study set out to examine the equivalence among Test of English Proficiency (TOEP) forms, developed by the Indonesian Testing Service Centre (ITSC) and co-founded by The Association for The Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN) and The Association of Psychology in Indonesia. Using a…

Differential item functioning (DIF) indicates the violation of the invariance assumption, for instance, in models based on item response theory (IRT). For item-wise DIF analysis using IRT, a common metric for the item parameters of the groups that are to be compared (e.g., for the reference and the focal group) is necessary. In the Rasch model,…

This study defines subpopulation item parameter drift (SIPD) as a change in item parameters over time that is dependent on subpopulations of examinees, and hypothesizes that the presence of SIPD in anchor items is associated with bias and/or lack of invariance in three psychometric outcomes. Results show that SIPD in anchor items is associated…