Errors are essential for emergent literacy learning because they reveal the gaps in young children's knowledge. The ways in which teachers respond to these errors can have important implications for children's knowledge building; yet, there is limited information for teachers about how to effectively respond to children's errors in emergent…

Responding to recent challenges to Clay's Running Records (2019) and their analysis using a three-cueing system, the author examines this reading assessment from an additive perspective of both bottom-up and top-down orientations of reading instruction. Endorsing their inclusion among classroom reading assessments, the author navigates the tension…

Running records can be the assessments that teachers are looking for when searching for an efficient way to plan meaningful literacy instruction. Running records can give teachers immediate insights to guide on-the-fly prompting and teaching decisions to build reader independence. The authors use classroom examples to illustrate how taking and…

Using running records as a lens to facilitate multilingual students' language and literacy development can help teachers recognize and build on students' linguistic capital. The authors analyzed 123 running records of Spanish-speaking first graders to begin to identify the types of language-related errors they made when reading. Using an assets…

Presents a method for collecting, categorizing, and precisely analyzing spelling errors. Suggests several corrective spelling strategies. (MM)

As children progress, they want their responses to make sense and they learn to use strategies based on meaning and language. (JM)

Shows how error pattern analysis can be helpful with children learning to spell. (FL)

Miscue analysis has been used by teachers and reading specialists for more than 30 years. Its purpose is to reveal strengths and weaknesses in how children process text and thereby inform instruction for individual learners. But is it still a useful approach? The authors assert that miscue analysis can indeed be a useful tool, though not for all…

Describes a technique for use in detecting and correcting spelling difficulties. (FL)

Notes the existence of a collection of computer-readable files containing misspellings of English words, which is now available to researchers from the Oxford Text Archive in England. Describes the content of the collection. (FL)