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Liu, Yixing; Thompson, Marilyn S. – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
A simulation study was conducted to explore the impact of differential item functioning (DIF) on general factor difference estimation for bifactor, ordinal data. Common analysis misspecifications in which the generated bifactor data with DIF were fitted using models with equality constraints on noninvariant item parameters were compared under data…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Item Analysis, Sample Size, Error of Measurement