Using a smartphone is a very convenient way to learn languages in modern life. To understand the impact of the immersive environment created by a smartphone on essay writing in Chinese for second language learners, a study was conducted on 36 Vietnamese students in their first year at a university in Taiwan. This study adopted an experimental…

Recent research on expert teachers suggests that an integrated understanding across the core domains of teachers' knowledge is crucial for their professional competence. However, in initial teacher education pre-service teachers seem to struggle with the integration of knowledge represented in multiple domain-specific sources into a coherent…

This study investigates the potential of individual, collaborative, and E-collaborative writing modalities on the development of syntactic complexity (SC), their sustained effect on SC development, and the potential meditating role of SC of L1 (First Language) in SC of L2 (Second Language). To this end, 90 Iranian intermediate EFL learners…

Summary writing is an important skill that students use throughout their academic careers, writing supports reading and vocabulary skills as well as the acquisition of content knowledge. This exploratory and development-oriented investigation appraises the recently released online writing system, "Graphical Interface of Knowledge…