This article explores information regarding the development of multiple relationships (where several roles exist between a therapist and a client, such as when the client is also a student, friend, family member, employee, or business associate of the therapist) in rural communities while engaging in therapeutic practices. It looks at the…

The method of reflective equilibrium (RE) is well known within the domain of moral philosophy, but hardly discussed as a method in professional ethics education. We argue that an interpersonal version of RE is very promising for professional ethics education. We offer several arguments to support this claim. The first group of arguments focus on a…

We present an experience-near account of the development of therapeutic listening in first year counselling students. A phenomenological approach was employed to articulate the trainees' lived experiences of their learning. Six students who had just completed a one-year postgraduate certificate in counselling skills were interviewed and the…

Ethical dilemmas from a national purposive sample of Turkish counsellors (N = 172) were collected using critical incidents technique. Content analysis was performed with open coding guided by the classification of American Counseling Association code of ethics. Incidents regarding confidentiality and privacy (56.4%), with 37.1% involving incidents…

The first major revision of the "ACA Code of Ethics" in a decade occurred in late 2005, with the updated edition containing important new mandates and imperatives. This article provides interviews with members of the Ethics Revision Task Force that flesh out seminal changes in the revised "ACA Code of Ethics" in the areas of confidentiality,…

Conflict over appropriate treatment boundaries has been an issue since the time of Freud. To better understand these boundaries, some traditional, humanistic and feminist models which range from conservative, strict boundaries to more liberal or relaxed boundaries are considered here. The ethical considerations and implications of nonsexual touch,…

Therapists are faced with difficult decisions regarding reporting and breach of confidentiality when clients refuse to protect others from infection. Most ethical codes are ambiguous and state laws often fail to address the issue directly or may conflict with professional ethical codes. Issues are discussed and suggestions made. (Author/EMK)

Counseling programs in the California community colleges play a key role in helping students succeed. Over the years, the functions counseling departments perform have increased significantly, further exacerbating the ever-present pressure to serve more students in cost-effective ways. As a result of the expansion of services absent the resources…

Addresses the issue of the inevitability of dual relationships in pastoral counseling. Describes the profession of pastoral counseling, the views of dual relationships among pastoral counselors, ethical implications, and conflicts of interest. Identifies courses of action for handling dual relationships, such as foregoing one of the relationships.…

Presents a classification system of dual relationships and claims that dual relationships are not inherently harmful or unethical. Focuses on circumstantial multiple roles, shifts in professional roles, personal and professional role conflicts, and the predatory professional. Discusses options available to persons involved in dual relationships.…

The September 1988 newsletter of Commission VII (Counseling and Psychological Services) of the American College Personnel Association contained a survey addressing the issues of sexual intimacy in the training and practice of counselors, psychologists and educators. Approximately 800 surveys were mailed to the commission members. Participation in…

The ethical principles and code of conduct of the American Psychological Association are clear: psychologists are to avoid sexual relationships with former clients. But guidelines offer scant guidance on nonromantic and nonsexual relationships with former clients; the ethical risks of such relationships are explored in this paper. The information…

Critically evaluates Bobele's "Therapeutic Interventions in Life-Threatening Situations." Considers therapeutic technique (interactional understanding) to have been placed above ethical and legal requirements of protecting clients or others from life-threatening situations. Finds Bobele negligent in terms of warning and physically…

Responds to foregoing comments by Woody and Woody regarding "Therapeutic Interventions in Life-Threatening Situations." Acknowledges value of their legal perspective, but maintains that the cases presented illustrated systemic therapeutic principles in life-threatening situations, with the article's scope limited to the clinical domain.…

A discussion of legal education looks at the law school as a clinic in which the student as client comes for treatment (education). It examines the ways in which the law school changes the professional through cognitive learning, skills training, and the adjustment of roles and relationships. (MSE)