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Direct linkWillcutt, Erik G.; Petrill, Stephen A.; Wu, Sarah; Boada, Richard; DeFries, John C.; Olson, Richard K.; Pennington, Bruce F. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2013
Reading disability (RD) and math disability (MD) frequently co-occur, but the etiology of this comorbidity is not well understood. Groups with RD only (N = 241), MD only (N = 183), and RD + MD (N = 188) and a control group with neither disorder (N = 411) completed a battery of measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, social and…
Descriptors: Comorbidity, Reading Difficulties, Behavior Disorders, Psychopathology
Betjemann, Rebecca S.; Keenan, Janice M.; Olson, Richard K.; DeFries, John C. – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2011
Does the choice of test for assessing reading comprehension influence the outcome of genetic analyses? A twin design compared two types of reading comprehension tests classified as primarily associated with word decoding (RC-D) or listening comprehension (RC-LC). For both types of tests, the overall genetic influence is high and nearly identical.…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Siblings, Genetics
Olson, Richard K.; Keenan, Janice M.; Byrne, Brian; Samuelsson, Stefan; Coventry, William L.; Corley, Robin; Wadsworth, Sally J.; Willcutt, Erik G.; DeFries, John C.; Pennington, Bruce F.; Hulslander, Jacqueline – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2011
Genetic and environmental relations between vocabulary and reading skills were explored longitudinally from preschool through Grades 2 and 4. At preschool there were strong shared-environment and weak genetic influences on both vocabulary and print knowledge but substantial differences in their source. Separation of etiology for vocabulary and…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Genetics, Word Recognition, Etiology
Hawke, Jesse L.; Wadsworth, Sally J.; Olson, Richard K.; DeFries, John C. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2007
To test the hypothesis that the etiology of reading difficulties may differ for males and females in more severely impaired samples, reading performance data from monozygotic (MZ), same-sex dizygotic (DZ[subscript ss]), and opposite-sex dizygotic (DZ[subscript os]) twin pairs were analyzed using a model-fitting implementation of the DeFries-Fulker…
Descriptors: Severity (of Disability), Environmental Influences, Etiology, Genetics
Willcutt, Erik G.; Betjemann, Rebecca S.; Wadsworth, Sally J.; Samuelsson, Stefan; Corley, Robin; DeFries, John C.; Byrne, Brian; Pennington, Bruce F.; Olson, Richard K. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2007
Numerous studies have examined the etiology of the association between reading difficulties and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children, but little is known about the relation between prereading skills and ADHD behaviors prior to the beginning of formal reading instruction. A population-based sample of 809 pairs of…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Reading Instruction, Etiology, Twins
Hawke, Jesse L.; Wadsworth, Sally J.; DeFries, John C. – Dyslexia, 2006
To test the hypothesis that the genetic etiology for reading disability may differ in males and females, data from identical and fraternal twin pairs were analysed using both concordance and multiple regression methods. The sample included 264 identical (129 male, 135 female) and 214 same-sex fraternal (121 male, 93 female) twin pairs in which at…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Twins, Hypothesis Testing, Genetics
Peer reviewedAlarcon, Marciela; DeFries, John C.; Light, Jacquelyn Gillis; Pennington, Bruce F. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1997
Comparison of twins (40 identical and 23 fraternal) for mathematics deficits (MD), in which at least one member had a mathematics disability, found evidence for a significant genetic etiology. However, tests for the differential etiology of MD as a function of reading performance level were nonsignificant. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Etiology, Genetics, Heredity, Incidence
Peer reviewedBoada, Richard; Willcutt, Erik G.; Tunick, Rachel A.; Chhabildas, Nomita A.; Olson, Richard K.; DeFries, John C.; Pennington, Bruce F. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2002
Examines the etiology of high reading ability in twin pairs. Suggests that reading ability and its cognitive correlates are on a continuous distribution, with both extremes of the distribution being similarly heritable. Supports the hypothesis that the same cognitive processes that are associated with dyslexia are important for the development of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Dyslexia, Elementary Education, Etiology
Peer reviewedLight, Jacquelyn Gillis; DeFries, John C. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1995
Data from 148 identical and 111 fraternal twin pairs in which at least 1 member had a reading disability were statistically analyzed. Results suggest that genetic and shared-environment influences both contribute to the observed covariance between reading and mathematical deficits. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Etiology, Family Environment, Genetics, Learning Disabilities
Peer reviewedDavis, Chayna J.; Knopik, Valerie S.; Olson, Richard K.; Wadsworth, Sally J.; DeFries, John C. – Annals of Dyslexia, 2001
A study assessed genetic and environmental etiologies of reading, rapid naming (RN), and their covariation using data from 587 twin pairs (ages 7-20) in which one student had reading difficulties and from 360 control pairs. Correlation between reading and RN performances for subjects was significantly higher than that of controls. (Contains…
Descriptors: Biological Influences, Elementary Secondary Education, Environmental Influences, Etiology
Peer reviewedWadsworth, Sally J.; Olson, Richard K.; Pennington, Bruce F.; DeFries, John C. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2000
Composite reading performance data from 223 pairs of identical twins and 169 same-gender fraternal twins in which at least one member was classified with reading disability were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that the genetic etiology of reading disability differs as a linear function of IQ. (Contains extensive…
Descriptors: Biological Influences, Children, Disability Identification, Environmental Influences
Peer reviewedByrne, Brian; Delaland, Cara; Fielding-Barnsley, Ruth; Quain, Peter; Samuelsson, Stefan; Hoien, Torleiv; Corley, Robin; DeFries, John C.; Wadsworth, Sally; Willcutt, Erik; Olson, Richard K. – Annals of Dyslexia, 2002
Preliminary results from data on 146 Australian, 284 American, and 70 Norwegian preschool twins indicate reliable genetic influences on phonological awareness and memory and learning. Vocabulary, grammar, and morphology showed significant shared environment and negligible genetic effects. A print knowledge composite showed genetic and shared…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Biological Influences, Cognitive Processes, Dyslexia
