Historical and autobiographical approaches are combined with interviews to analyze the case of the Europa-Kontakt in pre-1989 Poland and West Germany within the framework of Europeanization. The international education encounters exemplify the tendencies to Europeanize, which emerged in both countries despite the Iron Curtain. The painful…

The study focuses on the content and extent of teaching of Russian history, or history of Russian culture and civilization, in the teaching of history in the states of the Visegrád Group (i.e. in Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia). In each of these states, the subject of history (sometimes in different names) has a different status,…

This article analyses the Francophonie strategy to foster diversity of cultures and multilingualism in a globalised world. The first part of the article provides the analyses of the historic role of the French cultural and educational model in the diplomatic relations. Then the article refers to the context of the Second World War and the American…

Holocaust education in Slovakia stands at the confluence of diverse discourses of state and supra-national legitimation. Principles of national self-determination, minority rights, and political ideologies inform and lend credence to how Slovaks' national and state identities are narrated in Slovak history textbooks. For small nation-states with…

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a group of intellectuals and Spanish scientists found it necessary to resume cultural relations with Latin American countries that had been Spanish colonies in the past. In order to do this, they promoted a school of thought called "Hispano-Americanism", which aimed to create a…

Describes how Dorothea Lieven influenced the direction of European diplomacy during the nineteenth century. Lieven, who is known as the leading unofficial diplomat of modern times, used her friendships with influential men to alter the foreign policies of England, Russia, Germany, and France. (AM)

An exploration of the leadership styles of Nasser and DeGaulle, and their influence on international affairs. (JB)

Presents an unorthodox account of the onset of World War I based on speculations about alternative outcomes. Considers reasons that historians are reluctant to imagine counter-factuals and argues that this lack of imagination may cause them to overlook some of the historical causes they seek. (DMM)

The evolution of diplomatic practices during the early Middle Ages is discussed. Research suggests that some techniques and methods began much earlier than most historians have assumed. Diplomatic efforts of Otto the Great, king of Germany, 936-973, and Holy Roman Emperor, 962-973, were studied. (RM)

Recounts the history and problems of European Economic Integration from the first post World War II organization, the OEEC, to the EEC (Common Market) and the EFTA. Suggestions for further reading are included. (JB)

This article details the celebrated friendship of Benjamin Franklin and Mme Brillon de Jouy during the years following the American Revolution. (Text is in French.) (DB)

This document is the report of a seminar convened for European teachers on the subject of the nationalities question. The conference was held in the wake of drastic changes that came with the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. Participants focused on the nationality and border issues that arose from the treaties that ended World War I. The…

Historical, literary, and political retrospective on French-American relations. (Text is in French.) (DB)

Presents contemporary view of Germany since reunification and the end of the Cold War. Includes 13 photographs portraying scenes from daily life in Germany. (CFR)

Analyzes northern Mediterranean politics in light of demographic, economic, and social characteristics of Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece. Identifies ambivalence as the characteristic attitude relating to present and future politics, the economy, and the area's international position. (DB)