Traditionally in England, exam results in General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs) (and before them O levels) and A levels have been reported as letter grades, with A (or A*) as the top grade, then B, C etc. The reforms gave the opportunity to revisit the arguments for different formats of reporting, and Cambridge Assessment contributed…

Students frequently turn to the internet for information about a range of scientific issues. However, they can find it challenging to evaluate the credibility of the information they find, which may increase their susceptibility to mis- and disinformation. This exploratory study reports findings from an instructional intervention designed to teach…

Cognitive Independence (CI), which physical education has a high potential for fostering in students, is characterized by a developed set of cognitive skills, an ideal level of knowledge, a strong value attitude towards cognition, and competencies related to the ability and willingness to take the initiative and engage in professionally…

This study seeks to evaluate the learning outcomes mentioned in the Mathematics Curriculum of the 5th grade students in Türkiye, based on certain criteria. The general survey model was adopted in the study. The study group consists of 44 mathematics teachers from 12 different regions of Türkiye who, during the 2022-2023 academic year, worked in…

This qualitative study was a critical race analysis of Advanced Placement criteria and under-enrollment of African American males in two midwestern urban high schools. Analysis of faculty interviews and documents generated four themes. AP criteria and enrollment were implemented through formal and informal practices, and key roles of individual…

Instructional videos are a popular teaching and learning tool. Teachers use already existing videos and develop their own videos, in which they explain important domain concepts. The effectiveness of these videos depends on their instructional quality. To support future teachers in creating high-quality videos, we developed a training and compared…

This paper aims to identify and compare key factors influencing US States' or an OECD country's decision to employ student test scores or test score value-added (VAM) in evaluating teacher effectiveness. Analysis using multiple linear probability model and logistic regression frameworks indicates that the use of VAM/student test scores was…

Over the last 20 years, many methods have been proposed to use process data (e.g., response time) to detect changes in engagement during the test-taking process. However, many of these methods were developed and evaluated in highly similar testing contexts: 30 or more single-select multiple-choice items presented in a linear, fixed sequence in…

Background/purpose: This study addresses the challenge of engaging students in meaningful assessment processes within mathematics education, particularly in pre-university preparatory courses. Peer assessment, a growing pedagogical practice, can enhance learning outcomes, promote critical thinking, and improve collaborative skills. However,…

The intention of this article is to provide Technology and Engineering Educators (T&EEs) with a more thorough understanding of implementing the product realization process (PRP) to help manage the design and development processes in their classrooms. The product realization process (PRP) innately involves a practical combination of knowledge,…

Recent trends have shifted the focus of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education onto practice-based learning, to encourage opportunities for students to engage in science and engineering practices (SEPs) with the goal of more meaningful participation and engagement in authentic STEM experiences for all students. However,…

The present research aims to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure teachers' observation skills. The research was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year with 651 teachers. Data were collected through online survey methods. Expert opinion was consulted for the content and face validity of the scale in the research. Exploratory…

This cross-national study examined students' evaluation of strategies for solving linear equations, as well as the extent to which their evaluation criteria were related to their use of strategies and/or aligned with experts' views about which strategy is the best. A total of 792 middle school and high school students from Sweden, Finland, and…

This paper examines the reactions of English pupils who were preparing for GCSE and A-Level examinations to the 2020 exam cancellations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, it addresses a gap in international research related to high stakes testing by presenting pupils' perspectives. It uses a Bourdieusian framework to explore the…

We investigated how the sequence of presenting social media sources in an unsupervised inductive learning setting supports the acquisition of source evaluation skills in two different age groups. Participants were 63 upper and 59 lower secondary students. They had to identify characteristics of trustworthiness while studying sources labeled as…