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Spurgeon, Shawn L. – Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 2017
Construct irrelevance (CI) and construct underrepresentation (CU) are 2 major threats to validity, yet they are rarely discussed within the counseling literature. This article provides information about the relevance of these threats to internal validity. An illustrative case example will be provided to assist counselors in understanding these…
Descriptors: Construct Validity, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Problems

Young, Ellie L.; Sudweeks, Richard R. – Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 2005
Differential item functioning (DIF) in the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (B. A. Bracken, 1992) was evaluated using 2 different methods to identify and describe DIF. Of 149 items from the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale, 42% exhibited gender DIF. Nonuniform, crossover DIF was evident in items throughout the instrument.
Descriptors: Early Adolescents, Measures (Individuals), Self Concept, Test Items