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Shepard, Lorrie A. – New Directions for Testing and Measurement, 1981
The test-item bias literature is summarized, emphasizing the conceptual basis for bias detection methods and the technical issues involved in choosing among methods. It describes both judgmental and statistical methods for identifying biased items, and discusses the reconciliation of these two types of evidence. (Author/BW)
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Latent Trait Theory, Statistical Analysis, Test Bias
Stewart, Bruce L. – New Directions for Testing and Measurement, 1980
The reliability and validity of chance-level scores should be investigated. Only a careful examination of such scores can suggest whether they are likely to reflect random responding or to represent a reasonable estimate of an examinee's ability. (Author/RL)
Descriptors: Compensatory Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Guessing (Tests)
