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Lichten, William; Simon, Elliot W. – Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2007
Because persons with mental retardation cannot be executed for murder, the diagnosis becomes a life and death matter. The American Association on Mental Retardation (now the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities) and other associations agree that IQ alone is an insufficient criterion and adaptive functioning also…
Descriptors: Intelligence Tests, Intelligence Quotient, Developmental Disabilities, Mental Retardation
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Schantz, Susan L.; Gardiner, Joseph C.; Gasior, Donna M.; McCaffrey, Robert J.; Sweeney, Anne M.; Humphrey, Harold E. B. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow (this issue) use six criteria to evaluate the published findings from seven different studies of PCB exposure and neuropsychological function. They point out a number of weaknesses or flaws in each study and conclude that these weaknesses make the overall conclusion that PCB exposure negatively…
Descriptors: Evaluation Criteria, Prenatal Influences, Infants, Error of Measurement