Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to build intelligent systems that can interact with and assist humans. During the interaction, a system learns the requirements from the human user and adapts to the needs to complete tasks. A popular type of interactive system is retrieval-based, where the system uses a retrieval function to retrieve relevant…

A mathematical modeling technique has been developed to provide those having administrative responsibilities for establishing scientific and technical information systems with a flexible and powerful tool for making management decisions. A large number of factors (user communities, document forms, subject disciplines, etc.) are involved in…