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Xiao Liu; Zhiyong Zhang; Lijuan Wang – Grantee Submission, 2024
In psychology, researchers are often interested in testing hypotheses about mediation, such as testing the presence of a mediation effect of a treatment (e.g., intervention assignment) on an outcome via a mediator. An increasingly popular approach to testing hypotheses is the Bayesian testing approach with Bayes factors (BFs). Despite the growing…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Bayesian Statistics, Programming Languages, Simulation
Caspar J. Van Lissa; Eli-Boaz Clapper; Rebecca Kuiper – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
The product Bayes factor (PBF) synthesizes evidence for an informative hypothesis across heterogeneous replication studies. It can be used when fixed- or random effects meta-analysis fall short. For example, when effect sizes are incomparable and cannot be pooled, or when studies diverge significantly in the populations, study designs, and…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Evaluation Methods, Replication (Evaluation), Sample Size
Tan, Teck Kiang – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2023
Researchers often have hypotheses concerning the state of affairs in the population from which they sampled their data to compare group means. The classical frequentist approach provides one way of carrying out hypothesis testing using ANOVA to state the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the means and proceed with multiple comparisons…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Statistical Analysis, Guidelines
Xu, Jun; Bauldry, Shawn G.; Fullerton, Andrew S. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2022
We first review existing literature on cumulative logit models along with various ways to test the parallel lines assumption. Building on the traditional frequentist framework, we introduce a method of Bayesian assessment of null values to provide an alternative way to examine the parallel lines assumption using highest density intervals and…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Evaluation Methods, Models, Intervals
Barrenechea, Rodrigo; Mahoney, James – Sociological Methods & Research, 2019
This article develops a set-theoretic approach to Bayes's theorem and Bayesian process tracing. In the approach, hypothesis testing is the procedure whereby one updates beliefs by narrowing the range of states of the world that are regarded as possible, thus diminishing the domain in which the actual world can reside. By explicitly connecting…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Qualitative Research, Research Methodology
Deke, John; Finucane, Mariel; Thal, Daniel – National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, 2022
BASIE is a framework for interpreting impact estimates from evaluations. It is an alternative to null hypothesis significance testing. This guide walks researchers through the key steps of applying BASIE, including selecting prior evidence, reporting impact estimates, interpreting impact estimates, and conducting sensitivity analyses. The guide…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Educational Research, Data Interpretation, Hypothesis Testing
Lortie-Forgues, Hugues; Inglis, Matthew – Educational Researcher, 2019
In this response, we first show that Simpson's proposed analysis answers a different and less interesting question than ours. We then justify the choice of prior for our Bayes factors calculations, but we also demonstrate that the substantive conclusions of our article are not substantially affected by varying this choice.
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Bayesian Statistics, Educational Research, Program Evaluation
Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando; Cousineau, Denis – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2017
The number of articles showing dissatisfaction with the null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) framework has been progressively increasing over the years. Alternatives to NHST have been proposed and the Bayesian approach seems to have achieved the highest amount of visibility. In this last part of the special issue, a few alternative…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Bayesian Statistics, Evaluation Methods, Statistical Inference
How, Meng-Leong; Hung, Wei Loong David – Education Sciences, 2019
Artificial intelligence-enabled adaptive learning systems (AI-ALS) are increasingly being deployed in education to enhance the learning needs of students. However, educational stakeholders are required by policy-makers to conduct an independent evaluation of the AI-ALS using a small sample size in a pilot study, before that AI-ALS can be approved…
Descriptors: Stakeholders, Artificial Intelligence, Bayesian Statistics, Probability
Dittrich, Dino; Leenders, Roger Th. A. J.; Mulder, Joris – Sociological Methods & Research, 2019
Currently available (classical) testing procedures for the network autocorrelation can only be used for falsifying a precise null hypothesis of no network effect. Classical methods can be neither used for quantifying evidence for the null nor for testing multiple hypotheses simultaneously. This article presents flexible Bayes factor testing…
Descriptors: Correlation, Bayesian Statistics, Networks, Evaluation Methods
Simpson, Adrian – Educational Researcher, 2019
A recent paper uses Bayes factors to argue a large minority of rigorous, large-scale education RCTs are "uninformative." The definition of "uninformative" depends on the authors' hypothesis choices for calculating Bayes factors. These arguably overadjust for effect size inflation and involve a fixed prior distribution,…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Bayesian Statistics, Educational Research, Program Evaluation
Wilcox, Rand R.; Serang, Sarfaraz – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2017
The article provides perspectives on p values, null hypothesis testing, and alternative techniques in light of modern robust statistical methods. Null hypothesis testing and "p" values can provide useful information provided they are interpreted in a sound manner, which includes taking into account insights and advances that have…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Bayesian Statistics, Computation, Effect Size
Gardner, Josh; Brooks, Christopher – Journal of Learning Analytics, 2018
Model evaluation -- the process of making inferences about the performance of predictive models -- is a critical component of predictive modelling research in learning analytics. We survey the state of the practice with respect to model evaluation in learning analytics, which overwhelmingly uses only naïve methods for model evaluation or…
Descriptors: Prediction, Models, Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Hicks, Tyler; Rodríguez-Campos, Liliana; Choi, Jeong Hoon – American Journal of Evaluation, 2018
To begin statistical analysis, Bayesians quantify their confidence in modeling hypotheses with priors. A prior describes the probability of a certain modeling hypothesis apart from the data. Bayesians should be able to defend their choice of prior to a skeptical audience. Collaboration between evaluators and stakeholders could make their choices…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Evaluation Methods, Statistical Analysis, Hypothesis Testing
Okada, Kensuke – Research Synthesis Methods, 2015
This paper proposes a new method to evaluate informative hypotheses for meta-analysis of Cronbach's coefficient alpha using a Bayesian approach. The coefficient alpha is one of the most widely used reliability indices. In meta-analyses of reliability, researchers typically form specific informative hypotheses beforehand, such as "alpha of…
Descriptors: Correlation, Bayesian Statistics, Meta Analysis, Hypothesis Testing
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