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Case Matching and the Reduction of Selection Bias in Quasi-Experiments: The Relative Importance of Pretest Measures of Outcome, of Unreliable Measurement, and of Mode of Data Analysis
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Cook, Thomas D.; Steiner, Peter M. – Psychological Methods, 2010
In this article, we note the many ontological, epistemological, and methodological similarities between how Campbell and Rubin conceptualize causation. We then explore 3 differences in their written emphases about individual case matching in observational studies. We contend that (a) Campbell places greater emphasis than Rubin on the special role…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Pretests Posttests, Data Analysis, Evaluation Methods
Propensity Score Estimation With Boosted Regression for Evaluating Causal Effects in Observational Studies
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McCaffrey, Daniel F.; Ridgeway, Greg; Morral, Andrew R. – Psychological Methods, 2004
Causal effect modeling with naturalistic rather than experimental data is challenging. In observational studies participants in different treatment conditions may also differ on pretreatment characteristics that influence outcomes. Propensity score methods can theoretically eliminate these confounds for all observed covariates, but accurate…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Causal Models, Adolescents, Statistical Analysis