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Liu, Kristin K.; Thurlow, Martha L.; Lazarus, Sheryl S.; Dosedel, Michael – National Center on Educational Outcomes, 2020
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires 95% participation in state achievement testing. Students with the most significant cognitive disabilities participate in states' alternate assessments based on alternate academic achievement standards (AA-AAAS). A growing number of these students are also English learners (Christensen et al., 2018).…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Intellectual Disability, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Ganz, Jennifer B.; Davis, John L.; Lund, Emily M.; Goodwyn, Fara D.; Simpson, Richard L. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2012
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a widely used picture/icon aided augmentative communication system designed for learners with autism and other developmental disorders. This meta-analysis analyzes the extant empirical literature for PECS relative to targeted (functional communication) and non-targeted concomitant outcomes…
Descriptors: Participant Characteristics, Multiple Disabilities, Mental Retardation, Autism
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Li, Alicia – TEACHING Exceptional Children, 2009
At least 60% of children with disabilities have multiple disabilities including visual impairments (VI). Because the visual system is neurologically based, any problems of the neurological system will also likely affect vision. The estimated number of students with VI and additional disabilities has increased significantly over the years. Since…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Intervention, Visual Impairments, Multiple Disabilities