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Direct linkLittle, Todd D.; Chang, Rong; Gorrall, Britt K.; Waggenspack, Luke; Fukuda, Eriko; Allen, Patricia J.; Noam, Gil G. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2020
We revisit the merits of the retrospective pretest-posttest (RPP) design for repeated-measures research. The underutilized RPP method asks respondents to rate survey items twice during the same posttest measurement occasion from two specific frames of reference: "now" and "then." Individuals first report their current attitudes…
Descriptors: Pretesting, Alternative Assessment, Program Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Peer reviewedHoogstraten, Joh. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The biasing effects of a pretest on subsequent post-test results were investigated in two experimental studies. In general, the results argue for using designs without pretests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Higher Education
Peer reviewedToedter, Lori J.; And Others – Evaluation Review, 1990
The problem of the appropriate comparison group for bereavement studies is discussed. The use of the retrospective pretest design is illustrated through a longitudinal study of bereavement outcome following pregnancy loss, involving 138 bereaved women and a comparison group of 215 currently pregnant women. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adults, Bereavement, Comparative Analysis, Control Groups
Fitz-Gibbon, Carol Taylor; Morris, Lynn Lyons – 1978
The evaluation design, which prescribes when and from whom to gather data, is described as significant because it can lend credibility to evaluation results. The objectives of this booklet are to aid the evaluator in: choosing a design; putting it into operation; and analyzing and reporting the data. Examples include both formative and summative…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Control Groups, Educational Research, Evaluation Methods
Download full textHorst, Donald P.; Fagan, Barbara M. – 1976
Twelve common errors which can invalidate an otherwise sound evaluation are identified, and ways to avoid them are presented. The hazards are: (1) grade-equivalent scores; (2) inappropriate statistical adjustments with nonequivalent control groups; (3) administering norm-referenced tests at inappropriate times of the school year; (4) inappropriate…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education
Hubert, John A. – 1978
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I Evaluation and Reporting System is a method for giving a federally funded project in reading or math an overall score on its cognitive effectiveness. This System introduced the Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) as an aid in aggregating Title I program scores across states and nationwide regardless of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Compensatory Education, Control Groups
