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Direct linkZhang, Bo; Xiao, Yunnan; Luo, Juan – Language Testing in Asia, 2015
Previous studies comparing holistic scoring to analytic scoring of second language writing have given mixed results. Some of them suffer from methodological drawbacks, such as limited writing sample size, limited number of raters, and lack of direct comparison of the two methods. Based on 300 writing samples graded by 14 raters, this research…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Reliability, Scores, Holistic Approach
Lee, Yong-Won; Kantor, Robert – International Journal of Testing, 2007
Possible integrated and independent tasks were pilot tested for the writing section of a new generation of the TOEFL[R] (Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM]). This study examines the impact of various rating designs and of the number of tasks and raters on the reliability of writing scores based on integrated and independent tasks from the…
Descriptors: Generalizability Theory, Writing Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Sudweeks, Richard R.; Glissmeyer, Connie B.; Morrison, Timothy G.; Wilcox, Bradley R.; Tanner, Mark W. – Reading Research and Instruction, 2004
Oral retellings are strongly recommended as a way to measure reading comprehension for second language learners (Bernhardt, 1985, 1990, 1991). However, the reliability of such ratings is a matter of concern for a variety of reasons (Aiken, 1996; Cooper, 1981; Saal, Downey, & Lahey, 1980). The purpose of this study was to establish reliable rating…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Generalizability Theory, Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning
