This multisite study assessed the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and associated symptoms among undergraduate students (N = 1,528) using online surveys. Most students (85%) reported having experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime (Time 1) and 21% reported experiencing an event over a 2-month period during college (Time 2). The…

Study results indicated that high liking and high empathy together did not predict successful outcome, though a post hoc analysis showed a positive relationship between high empathy alone and successful outcome. Results also indicated that inexperienced therapists were generally less empathic than experienced therapists. (Author)

Explored group leader cognitions and the function experience plays in leaders' cognitive schemas. Participants (n=60) wrote down their thoughts while viewing a 20-minute videotape of a group session. Examination of the 1,299 thoughts revealed a cognitive-behavior schemata that involved all the elements necessary for effective cognitive skill…

Fifteen experienced and 15 novice group therapists watched videotaped group counseling session and made similarity judgments for pairs of group members. Findings suggest that three cognitive dimensions (dominant/submissive, friendly/unfriendly, supporting therapeutic work/hindering therapeutic work) were used by experienced therapists; only two…

Three supervisors had six trainees in each of four groups: modeling-didactic supervision, no-modeling-didactic supervision, modeling-experiential supervision, no-modeling-experiential supervision. Two groups of 12 each received no supervision: modeling-controls and no-modeling controls. Subject responses to recorded client statements indicated…

Rated counselor responses to 21 widely varying client statements on eight dimensions, and compared responses by experience level. Found differences on the dimensions of dominance, immediacy, meeting client's demands, verbosity, and confrontation, and differences in flexibility regarding dominance, meeting client's demands and confrontation, across…

Investigated relation of training level to working alliance in 50 counselor-client dyads. Counselors were novices, advanced trainees, or experienced counselors. After three sessions, counselors and clients completed Working Alliance Inventory. Results revealed significant main effects for training level of counselor. Found no difference for bond…

Results indicated that experience level was not significantly related to the characteristics of the students' clinical hypothesis formation. Conceptual level was significantly related to the overall quality and clarity of expression in clinical hypotheses and the number of divergent questions asked about the client's problems. (Author)

Male and female counselors at three levels of training/experience conducted an initial interview with a female confederate client. Videotapes of these interviews were viewed by 120 undergraduate males and females who rated the counselors' expertness, indicated counselor behaviors that contributed to their judgments, and rated their willingness to…

The differential effects of a Gestalt counseling operation and empathic reflections of feeling on client depth of experiencing, change in awareness, and goal analogue. Results showed that depth of experiencing and change in awareness were significantly higher for the subjects following the Gestalt operation. (Author)

Assessed effects of counselor sex, experience, and self-disclosure level on perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Results indicated expert counselors were rated more expert than nonexpert. Female experts were rated more expert than female nonexperts, but male experts and nonexperts did not differ. High-disclosing counselors…

An investigation of the impact of experience on supervisor planning revealed that experienced supervisors generated more planning statements and that more of these statements concerned the supervisee than did statements generated by inexperienced supervisors. (Author)

Examined college student depression and its relation to personality variables and experiences unique to college life. Depressed (N=35) and nondepressed (N=39) students completed depression inventory, personality scales, and other measures. Results revealed that 75 percent of depressed subjects had been depressed for over three months; one-half had…

Reports on studies on the development and validation of the Attitudes Regarding Bisexuality Scale (ARBS). In heterosexuals, subscales were strongly related to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, frequency of religious attendance, political ideology, and prior contact. In lesbians and gay men, subscales correlated with prior experiences and…

Counselors from behaviorist, Gestalt, and rational-emotive orientations were compared on four instrument subscales. Results showed a significant relationship between counselor orientation and theoretical tenets. Level of experience did not contribute significantly to within-groups variance. (Author)