Profiles three twentieth-century outdoor camping leaders. Describes early camping programs as "experimental intentional communities" teaching personal and social empowerment. Portia Mansfield's Wyonegonic Camps emphasized cooperation and artistic freedom. Joshua Lieberman's Pioneer Youth Camp taught workers' children social…

Presents a historical view of university laboratory schools. Discusses the changing functions of the schools since their nineteenth-century inception. Recalls that initially they provided teaching practice, while today observation, demonstration, and experimentation are paramount. Underscores the need to emphasize laboratory schools' value to…

Explores the nature of complete education as it was conceived and practiced by adherents of French classical anarchist pedagogy. Notes conflict between freedom and authority in their conceptualization. Argues that consciousness of actions rather than the economic and social products of those actions was what made practice contributory to…

Examines the failure of the experimental occupation of five Scottish camps by children evacuated from Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow between 1940 and 1945, with emphasis on the bitter dispute between central and local government over the administration of the camp schools. (MH)

Summarizes the history of the outdoor education movement from the idea stage of school camping (1930-1939) to the present stage of diversity and growing opportunities for resident outdoor programs and programs for special populations. Analyzes research literature, noting thematic trends and quantitative studies of numbers of participants and…

The latest available statistics for 1958-59 indicate there were 8,084 small schools and that they had enrolled in them 1,650,000 pupils. It is a matter of conjecture how much these figures will be reduced in the next 10 years, but there is considerable doubt that the reduction will be a truly significant one. In any event the current figures are…