Achieving fluency with basic subtraction and add-with-8 or -9 combinations is difficult for primary grade children. A 9-month training experiment entailed evaluating the efficacy of software designed to promote such fluency via guided learning of reasoning strategies. Seventy-five eligible first graders were randomly assigned to one of three…

Fifty-eight fifth and sixth grade students, identified as underachievers in language arts and arithmetic, received special instruction in a learning laboratory setting over a period of three years. The laboratory was a room equipped with designated learning centers and the lab team consisted of a teacher, an aide, and a part-time psychologist. The…

This report summarizes the first two years of study at the Elk Grove Training and Development Center. The initial program was designed to improve mathematics instruction through the use of a non-graded multi-media approach utilizing laboratory team teaching. Achievement test summaries indicate that K-5 students instructed in mathematics through…

A basic skills program designed for first- to sixth-grade students who were underachieving in reading or arithmetic was evaluated. The program was designed to raise the students' levels of achievement and to improve their attitudes toward learning. A staff development program designed to introduce teachers to new methods of teaching basic skills,…

This report is a follow-up to the report presented by the Advisory Committee on Mathematics to the California State Curriculum Commission in 1962. Recommendations are made for continued studies, experiments, and evaluations by the State Department of Education in the areas of mathematics teaching and the in-service education of teachers. Special…

FIVE EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE METHODS OF USING CONVENTIONAL MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES WITH PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION. THE EXPERIMENTS FOCUSED ON THREE SUBJECT AREAS - CAPITALIZATION, PUNCTUATION, AND ARITHMETIC MANIPULATION OF COMMON FRACTIONS. PUPILS FROM THE FOURTH TO SIXTH GRADES OF THREE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS COMPRISED THE…

First grade disadvantaged children were separated into classes by sex and taught by a teacher of the same sex. It was hypothesized that (1) single sex classes would score higher on reading and arithmetic tests and show a more positive attitude toward school, teacher, and peers than coeducational classes, and (2) the one all-girls class would score…

The increasing use of upper-grade students as tutors for younger children has been viewed as a means of reducing the achievement gap that exists among culturally-disadvantaged children. However, research has indicated that the potential of such a tutorial arrangement is linked closely to the tutoring techniques used, and unless student tutors are…

RESEARCH IN WHICH BEHAVIOR THEORY WAS APPLIED TO TEACHING READING, WRITING, AND ARITHMETIC TO RETARDED CHILDREN IS REPORTED. TWENTY- SEVEN EDUCABLY RETARDED CHILDREN PARTICIPATED IN THE CORE GROUP. THE MEAN MENTAL AGE WAS 11 YEARS AND THE MEAN IQ WAS 63. IN AN EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENT OF APPROVAL, ENCOURAGEMENT, AND TOKEN REINFORCEMENT, A…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS (1) TO DEVELOP EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOR TEACHING EDUCABLE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED (EMH) CHILDREN ARITHMETIC CONCEPTS AND (2) TO EVALUATE THE DEVELOPED PROGRAMED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS. DURING THE FIRST PHASE OF THE STUDY THE ACTIVITIES WERE DEVOTED TOWARD ACCOMPLISHING THE FIRST PURPOSE, DEVELOPING THE EQUIPMENT AND…

This project's main objective in developing and implementing a computer-assisted instruction laboratory program in mathematics and initial reading was to individualize instruction so that each child could progress at his own pace through a subset of materials best suited to his aptitudes and abilities. This theory of instruction attempts to…

Twenty culturally deprived children planning to enter first grade in the fall attended an 8-week half-day summer program in which a systematic classroom management program utilizing token reinforcement and isolation techniques was combined with a strong academic program. One hour and 40 minutes was allotted daily to pre-reading and language…

This experiment was based on the assumption that the academic failure of the disadvantaged or middle class child is due to a failure of instruction and that if above-normal learning schedules were maintained, the second year of an enrichment program would not show the customary drop in gains from the first year. The subjects of this study were 43…

IN THIS REPORT THE UNITED FEDERATION OF TEACHERS (UFT) ANALYZES SPECIFIC DATA FROM THE CENTER FOR URBAN EDUCATION'S (CUE) NEGATIVE EVALUATION OF NEW YORK CITY'S MORE EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS (MES) PROGRAM AND CHARGES THAT CUE'S CONCLUSIONS ARE INVALID. THE UFT MAINTAINS THAT SINCE 18 OF THE 21 MES WERE FORMER SPECIAL SERVICE (SS) SCHOOLS, CUE SHOULD HAVE…