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Citkowicz, Martyna; Polanin, Joshua R. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2014
Meta-analyses are syntheses of effect-size estimates obtained from a collection of studies to summarize a particular field or topic (Hedges, 1992; Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). These reviews are used to integrate knowledge that can inform both scientific inquiry and public policy, therefore it is important to ensure that the estimates of the effect…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Accountability, Cluster Grouping, Effect Size
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Pigott, Therese D.; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Polanin, Joshua R.; Williams, Ryan T.; Canada, Dericka D. – Educational Researcher, 2013
Outcome-reporting bias occurs when primary studies do not include information about all outcomes measured in a study. When studies omit findings on important measures, efforts to synthesize the research using systematic review techniques will be biased and interpretations of individual studies will be incomplete. Outcome-reporting bias has been…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Research Reports, Bias, Outcome Measures