Three experiments studied the effect of amount and type of concurrent memory load on the rate of readout from iconic memory. (Editor)

When asked to report the first digit that comes to mind, a predominant number (28.4 percent) of the respondents choose 7. Three further experiments sought to establish whether this predominance is due to an automatic activation process or to a deliberate choice. (Editor)

Previous research has investigated the effects of interpresentation lag within the context of experimenter-controlled lag values. The present study attempted to explore subject-controlled lag effects on paired-associate learning. (Editor)

Hypothesis refining is the combining of two separate rules (conjunctive concept), the combination of which is more accurate than either rule alone. Each of 70 subjects was reinforced independently for either rule alone or their combination under one and only one of seven reinforcement conditions. Tests Verplanck's paradigm, a model for studying…

The negative-contrast effect occurs when animals that are shifted from large to small reward temporarily drop below small reward control groups. The basic question asked here in three experiments was whether animals tested under a specific drive level will behave as though they expect a reward magnitude previously received, depending on the reward…

Assesses the validity of physiological versus learning interpretations of illness-preexposure effects. (Author/RK)

Concerns the examination of conditioned stimulus--unconditioned stimulus (CS--UCS) intervals of different lengths. Demonstrates the feasibility of using a forewarned reaction time procedure with an innocuous imperative stimulus for the investigation of classical conditioning. (Editor/RK)

If animals receive inescapable electric shocks, their subsequent avoidance-escape learning is poor. This phenomenon, which can be called "the interference effect", was studied in four experiments. (Editor)

Investigates how the inhibition and latency-reduction effects interact with each other and how they change with changes in the intensity of the startle-eliciting stimulus. (Author/RK)

Together, these studies replicate and extend Gordon and Spear's (1973a) findings that proactive interference decreases as the interval between prior and subsequent learning increases and that reactivation of a prior memory just before subsequent learning significantly increases the proactive interference due to the prior learning. (Author/RK)

Experimenters in the past have reported that when insulin is used as the unconditioned stimulus (US), rats will learn an aversion to a sodium chloride but not a sucrose solution, whereas with formalin as the US, they will learn an aversion to a sucrose but not a saline solution. The present experiments failed to confirm these findings. (Editor)

These experiments investigate the degree to which neophobia, the reluctance to consume novel food, can be modified by toxicosis, the conditions under which the contingency between ingestion and illness enhances neophobia, and the manner in which previously learned aversions mediate subsequent enhanced neophobia. (Author/RK)

These experiments investigate situations in which a negative correlation involves a 24 hour delay between the occurrence of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus; they also investigate the mechanism by which any inhibition so produced might occur. (Author/RK)

Three experiments were performed using a recognition probe procedure to test the subject's recognition of the order of two items from a dichotically presented list. (Editor)

The research reported here was directed at evaluating whether or not the effectiveness of a Pavlovian unconditioned stimulus (US) in promoting associative learning is reduced if the US is shortly preceded by another occurrence of the same US. (Author)