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Díaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Piper, Walter T.; Schiff, Hillary C.; Roberts, Clark H.; Campese, Vincent D.; Sears, Robert M.; LeDoux, Joseph E. – Learning & Memory, 2017
The creation of auditory threat Pavlovian memory requires an initial learning stage in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, is paired with an aversive one (US), such as a shock. In this phase, the CS acquires the capacity of predicting the occurrence of the US and therefore elicits conditioned defense responses.…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Animals, Statistical Analysis
Kvitvik, Inger-Line; Berg, Kristine Marit; Agmo, Anders – Learning and Motivation, 2010
A neutral olfactory stimulus was employed as CS in a series of experiments with a sexually receptive female as UCS and the execution of an intromission as the UCR. Each experimental session lasted until the male ejaculated. The time the experimental subject spent in a zone adjacent to the source of the olfactory stimulus during the 10 s of CS…
Descriptors: Animals, Classical Conditioning, Olfactory Perception, Stimuli
Meulders, Ann; Vervliet, Bram; Vansteenwegen, Debora; Hermans, Dirk; Baeyens, Frank – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Unpredictability of an unconditioned stimulus (US) typically produces context conditioning in animals and humans. We modified the Martians task--a computer game measuring learning of Pavlovian associations through conditioned suppression--for assessing context conditioning in humans. One between-subjects and one within-subjects study are reported.…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Games
Kim, Jee Hyun; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2009
Several recent studies report that neurotransmitters that are critically involved in extinction in adult rats are not important for extinction in young rats. Specifically, pretest injection of the [gamma]-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor inverse agonist FG7142 has no effect on extinction in postnatal day (P)17 rats, although it reverses…
Descriptors: Animals, Fear, Pretests Posttests, Experiments
Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Lipatova, Olga; Miller, Ralph R. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
Three Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments with rats as subjects explored the effect of extinction in the presence of a concurrent excitor. Our aim was to explore this particular treatment, documented in previous studies to deepen extinction, with novel control groups to shed light on the processes involved in extinction. Relative to subjects…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Classical Conditioning, Animals, Experiments
Cornejo, Felipe A.; Castillo, Ramon D.; Saavedra, Maria A.; Vogel, Edgar H. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2010
Considerable research has examined the contrasting predictions of configural and elemental associative accounts of learning. One of the simplest methods to distinguish between these approaches is the summation test, in which the associative strength of a novel compound (AB) made of two separately-trained cues (A+ and B+) is examined. The…
Descriptors: Animals, Cues, Classical Conditioning, Prediction
Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M.; Niv, Yael – Psychological Review, 2010
A. Redish et al. (2007) proposed a reinforcement learning model of context-dependent learning and extinction in conditioning experiments, using the idea of "state classification" to categorize new observations into states. In the current article, the authors propose an interpretation of this idea in terms of normative statistical inference. They…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Statistical Inference, Inferences, Bayesian Statistics

Shettleworth, Sara J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1978
There has been considerable interest lately in cases where instrumental conditionability appears to depend on the reinforcer used. Here the effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs)on golden hamster behaviors was observed. The intent was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Classical Conditioning, Conditioning, Experimental Psychology

Rescorla, Robert A.; Furrow, David R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1977
Three experiments carried out second-order Pavlovian conditioning using either similar or dissimilar first-and second-order stimuli. All three experiments were designed to identify the effects of similarity upon conditioning as distinct from its effects upon sensitization or stimulus generalization. (Editor/RK)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Association Measures, Classical Conditioning, Conditioning

Ohman, Arne; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1976
The premise of equipotentiality, which has been widely adhered to among learning theorists, states that the laws of learning should not vary with the use of particular stimuli, responses, or reinforcements. Investigates this premise. (Editor/RK)
Descriptors: Charts, Classical Conditioning, Conditioning, Data Analysis
Rodrigo, T.; Arall, M.; Chamizo, V. D. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2005
Rodrigo, Chamizo, McLaren, & Mackintosh (1997) demonstrated the blocking effect in a navigational task using a swimming pool: rats initially trained to use three landmarks (ABC) to find an invisible platform learned less about a fourth landmark (X) added later than did rats trained from the outset with these four landmarks (ABCX). The aim of the…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Animals, Classical Conditioning, Recreational Facilities