Sport and religion have been linked in many societies and are still a part of many traditions today. In recent years, the topic of prayer in interscholastic sport has received public attention due to many high-profile court cases. "Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe" (2000) was the landmark case that prohibited school officials,…

Athletic administrators and decision makers within interscholastic athletics are expected to embrace a code of ethics that serves as a set of rules to guide their professional behavior. Included within this code are areas of controversy that present gender-related ethical dilemmas for administrators. Three specific ethical dilemmas involve (1)…

Administrators in public schools are undoubtedly familiar with their duties under federal law to serve students with disabilities in the educational program. Far fewer, however, are aware of their legal obligations to these same students in after-school athletics and extracurricular activities. Are students with disabilities entitled to…

Argues that the general language of the Title IX statute, together with certain specific features of it, strongly suggests that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare should develop more stringent and demanding regulations based on social policy considerations concerning sex discrimination in intercollegiate sports. Available from Yale…

Job announcements often work to either encourage or discourage prospective applicants. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if gender bias existed within the job announcements for interscholastic athletic administrators. The study's results revealed that over a two-year period there were 301 advertisements for positions in the state…

Review of historical data does not support claims of colleges and universities that compliance with Title IX (1972) has led to financial strains in operation of intercollegiate athletic programs or that self-regulation makes federal guidelines an unreasonable and unnecessary intrusion into institutional autonomy. Focuses on the Brown vs. Cohen…

To collect data for this study, a total of 279 questionnaires were mailed to school superintendents selected from a stratified random sample of public school districts in Texas. A total of 238, or 86 percent, of the questionnaires was returned. The study was designed (1) to describe some of the factors that directly affect the administration of…

The application of Title IX and the HEW regulation to intercollegiate sports is described, and the relationships among Title IX, the equal protection doctrine, and the proposed equal rights amendment to the Constitution are assessed. (LBH)

Following the passage of title IX, the number of women competing in intercollegiate or interscholastic athletics rose dramatically. Focuses on "affirmative action" cases; explores the implications of accommodation cases for the future of intercollegiate and interscholastic sports, and suggests actions for institutions in responding to…

Analyzes the legal controversies that have arisen when students with disabilities have sought to participate in interscholastic sports. Offers suggestions for handling such controversies in a way that reasonably accommodates the needs of students with disabilities without harming the positive values of organized public school sports programs. (69…

For a decade, Ashland school district required the 70 average for athletes--a higher threshold than the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association standard that many of the state's schools follow. That standard has no minimum GPA, merely requiring that students do not flunk more than one major subject during a marking period. Parents began…

This article provides a systematic synthesis of the agency and court rulings that apply Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to interscholastic athletics. The resulting framework also offers insight into how these federal statutes may pertain to…

The transcript of the resumption of hearings on the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Enforcement Program, initiated in l978, is presented. In this session the issues of fairness and of federal intervention into collegiate athletics are addressed, specifically as they relate to recruitment of athletes by colleges and universities.…

This report to the Illinois Board of Higher Education examines the use of tuition waivers to achieve gender equity in intercollegiate athletics as allowed by the state's Public Act 89-166. An introduction explains the context for the law which requires that institutions must demonstrate "substantial proportionality" reflecting the…

This guide is designed to help college athletic administrators obtain a basic and working knowledge of the Title IX Education Amendments of 1972 in order to ensure that athletics programs are in compliance with the law. Separate sections of the report cover: (1) Title IX basics, outlining the components of the amendment and offering examples of…