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Angele, Bernhard; Tran, Randy; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
Readers continuously receive parafoveal information about the upcoming word in addition to the foveal information about the currently fixated word. Previous research (Inhoff, Radach, Starr, & Greenberg, 2000) showed that the presence of a parafoveal word that was similar to the foveal word facilitated processing of the foveal word. We used the…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Word Recognition, Vision, Evidence
White, Sarah J.; Warren, Tessa; Reichle, Erik D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Two experiments examined parafoveal preview for words located in the middle of sentences and at sentence boundaries. Parafoveal processing was shown to occur for words at sentence-initial, mid-sentence, and sentence-final positions. Both Experiments 1 and 2 showed reduced effects of preview on regressions out for sentence-initial words. In…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Vision, Visual Acuity, Reader Text Relationship
Angele, Bernhard; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
We used the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to test two hypotheses that might explain why no conclusive evidence has been found for the existence of n + 2 preprocessing effects. In Experiment 1, we tested whether parafoveal processing of the second word to the right of fixation (n + 2) takes place only when the preceding word (n + 1) is very…
Descriptors: Models, Hypothesis Testing, Evidence, Vision
Staub, Adrian; White, Sarah J.; Drieghe, Denis; Hollway, Elizabeth C.; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Recent research using word recognition paradigms, such as lexical decision and speeded pronunciation, has investigated how a range of variables affect the location and shape of response time distributions, using both parametric and non-parametric techniques. In this article, we explore the distributional effects of a word frequency manipulation on…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Eye Movements, Word Recognition, Human Body
Juhasz, Barbara J.; White, Sarah J.; Liversedge, Simon P.; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Eye movements were monitored in 4 experiments that explored the role of parafoveal word length in reading. The experiments employed a type of compound word where the deletion of a letter results in 2 short words (e.g., backhand, back and). The boundary technique (K. Rayner, 1975) was employed to manipulate word length information in the parafovea.…
Descriptors: Sentences, Eye Movements, Experiments, Reading Processes
Kuperman, Victor; Schreuder, Robert; Bertram, Raymond; Baayen, R. Harald – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
This article reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2,500 polymorphemic Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision while readers' eye movements were registered. The authors found evidence that both full forms of compounds ("dishwasher") and their constituent morphemes (e.g., "dish," "washer," "er") and morphological…
Descriptors: Cues, Eye Movements, Language Processing, Morphemes
Bai, Xuejun; Yan, Guoli; Liversedge, Simon P.; Zang, Chuanli; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Native Chinese readers' eye movements were monitored as they read text that did or did not demark word boundary information. In Experiment 1, sentences had 4 types of spacing: normal unspaced text, text with spaces between words, text with spaces between characters that yielded nonwords, and finally text with spaces between every character. The…
Descriptors: Sentences, Eye Movements, Human Body, Chinese
White, Sarah J.; Johnson, Rebecca L.; Liversedge, Simon P.; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Participants' eye movements were recorded as they read sentences with words containing transposed adjacent letters. Transpositions were either external (e.g., problme, rpoblem) or internal (e.g., porblem, probelm) and at either the beginning (e.g., rpoblem, porblem) or end (e.g., problme, probelm) of words. The results showed disruption for words…
Descriptors: Sentences, Eye Movements, Word Recognition, Experiments
Inhoff, Albrecht W.; Eiter, Brianna M.; Radach, Ralph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2005
Sequential attention shift models of reading predict that an attended (typically fixated) word must be recognized before useful linguistic information can be obtained from the following (parafoveal) word. These models also predict that linguistic information is obtained from a parafoveal word immediately prior to a saccade toward it. To test these…
Descriptors: Sentences, Eye Movements, Language Processing, Reading Processes
Sereno, Sara C.; O'Donnell, Patrick J.; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006
Recent debates on lexical ambiguity resolution have centered on the subordinate-bias effect, in which reading time is longer on a biased ambiguous word in a subordinate-biasing context than on a control word. The nature of the control word--namely, whether it matched the frequency of the ambiguous word's overall word form or its contextually…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Word Recognition, Bias, Reading Processes
Drieghe, Denis; Rayner, Keith; Pollatsek, Alexander – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2005
The authors examined word skipping in reading in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, skipping rates were higher for a preview of a predictable word than for a visually similar nonword, indicating there is full recognition in parafoveal vision. In Experiment 2, foveal load was manipulated by varying the frequency of the word preceding either a 3-letter…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Vision, Word Frequency

McClelland, James L.; O'Regan, J. K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1981
Rayner and Slowiaczek have a different conception of the issues our experiments address than we do. These differences are discussed. Our main point, is that the extent to which the preview produces a benefit depends on the subject's expectations. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Eye Fixations, Eye Movements

Pollatsek, Alexander; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1982
The functions of spaces between words in adult reading of text were investigated in three experiments. Results were consistent with a two-process theory in which filling parafoveal spaces disrupts guidance of the next eye movement and filling foveal spaces disrupts processing of the fixated word as well. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Adults, Eye Fixations, Eye Movements, Reading Processes

Rayner, Keith; Slowiaczek, Maria L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1981
McClelland and O'Regan's interpretation of data may not be appropriate. One could argue that subjects used different strategies in the expectation and no-expectation conditions. Second, an inappropriate baseline condition may have been used. Finally their results may not be generalizable to the use of parafoveal vision during reading. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Eye Fixations, Eye Movements
Expectations Increase the Benefit Derived from Parafoveal Visual Information in Reading Words Aloud.

McClelland, James L.; O'Regan, J. K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1981
Two experiments demonstrated that a priori expectations and context increase the benefit gained from a preview of a word in parafoveal vision. Subjects named visually presented words preceded by a "preview" stimulus with and without constraints. Subjects combine two sources of information so as to derive a benefit. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Eye Fixations, Eye Movements