In modeling missing data, the missing data latent variable of the confirmatory factor model accounts for systematic variation associated with missing data so that replacement of what is missing is not required. This study aimed at extending the modeling missing data approach to tetrachoric correlations as input and at exploring the consequences of…

We propose new ways of robustifying goodness-of-fit tests for structural equation modeling under non-normality. These test statistics have limit distributions characterized by eigenvalues whose estimates are highly unstable and biased in known directions. To take this into account, we design model-based trend predictions to approximate the…

The models of E-learning Readiness (ELR) are basically designed to understand the process of obtaining the basic information necessary for measuring ELR among participants. They help organizations to identify the requirements for designing, developing and implementing E-learning. These models not only help the organizations to identify the degree…

Background: In secure residential facilities, group climate perceptions of clients with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning are systematically assessed for quality improvement. A valid and reliable measure may ensure that this process is consistent. The Group Climate Inventory--Revised (GCI-R) is a new measure to…

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a commonly used statistical technique. Recommendations for evaluating CFA highlight scholars should outline the expected model, conduct data screening, report model estimation and evaluation, and report key information about results to provide evidence for latent variables. The purpose of the current study was…

The large scale expansion of online courses has led to the crisis of course quality issues. In this study, we first established an evaluation index system for online courses using factor analysis, encompassing three key constructs: course resource construction, course implementation, and teaching effectiveness. Subsequently, we employed factor…

This field research was designed to establish what components contribute to the construct of job-seeking self-efficacy (JSSE). 430 active job seekers (219 males, 204 females, 7 non-disclosed) in Ireland volunteered to participate in a survey compiled from previously published sources. A 15-item scale for JSSE was reduced to 8 items (2 factors)…

Conceptualizing two-variable disturbances preventing good model fit in confirmatory factor analysis as item-level method effects instead of correlated residuals avoids violating the principle that residual variation is unique for each item. The possibility of representing such a disturbance by a method factor of a bifactor measurement model was…

In confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), model parameters are usually estimated by iteratively minimizing the Maximum Likelihood (ML) fit function. In optimal circumstances, the ML estimator yields the desirable statistical properties of asymptotic unbiasedness, efficiency, normality, and consistency. In practice, however, real-life data tend to be…

Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with greater executive resources spend less time mind wandering. Independent strands of research further suggest that this association depends on concentration and a guilty-dysphoric daydreaming style. However, it remains unclear whether this association is specific to particular features of…

Percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC), explained common variance (ECV), and omega hierarchical ([omega]H) have been used to assess the degree to which a scale is essentially unidimensional and to predict structural coefficient bias when a unidimensional measurement model is fit to multidimensional data. The usefulness of these indices…

Inductive/deductive hybrid thematic analysis offers significant opportunities for researchers, but its application within integrative mixed methods research has yet to be fully explored. Firstly, this article contributes by demonstrating the compatibility of inductive/deductive hybrid thematic analysis with quantitative work in a mixed methods…

Classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) are two fundamental approaches used in scale development research. Although CTT is the preferred methodology in scale development research in the Republic of Turkey, the IRT methodology has started to gain traction in recent years. In this study, we used the systematic review methodology…

Factor analysis of ordered categorical indicators in kinesiology is pervasive. However, some assumptions made regarding the indicators within methods commonly used in this research may increase analytic errors. Methods that relax these assumptions have been available for decades, but uptake has been slow. Therefore, the methodological focus of…

Academic engagement plays a crucial role in students' learning and performance. One of the most popular measures for assessing this construct is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S), which is based on a tridimensional conceptualization consisting of dedication, vigor, and absorption. However, prior research on its factor…