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Measurement Invariance of Second-Order Factor Model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 Principal Gender

Peer reviewed

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Xu, Lihua; Wubbena, Zane; Stewart, Trae – Journal of Educational Administration, 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory…

Descriptors: Leadership Styles, Questionnaires, Transformational Leadership, Factor Structure

Structural Validity of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire.

Peer reviewed

Tepper, Bennett J.; Percy, Paul M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1994

Two studies with 290 college students and 95 business managers investigated the latent structure of items from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Results support models in which transformational and transactional leadership items load on separate factors and suggest that charismatic and inspirational leadership scales converge for…

Descriptors: Administrators, College Students, Factor Structure, Higher Education