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Xu, Jian; Qiu, Xuyan – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2022
This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Gender Differences, Majors (Students)
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Gu, Peter Yongqi – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2018
This article reports on the updating and validation of a questionnaire for vocabulary learning strategies. An English as a second language (ESL) version of the "Vocabulary Learning Questionnaire" (VLQ), first published in Gu and Johnson (1996), was created based on its latest version. Two response formats were piloted, that is, a paper…
Descriptors: Questionnaires, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction