Over the past few decades, the prevalence and adverse impact of trauma on children have been widely researched and documented. Trauma exposure in children has been associated with long-lasting and detrimental outcomes in childhood and into adulthood, causing disruptions and impairments in their cognitive, social-emotional, mental health, and…

Trauma-informed care (TIC) is the practice of consciousness and awareness of trauma that guides educators in developing academic and behavioral support for students with exceptionalities who have experienced trauma. TIC can support students from the lens of Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports (PBIS) and Social Emotional Learning (SEL) within…

This mixed methods study examines trauma in elementary school children and the need for a relationship to maximize their learning opportunities. Check-in/Check-out is a Tier Two intervention that was used to prioritize behavioral goals, maximize the relationship based on a less-than five minute meeting between the student and the…