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Effects of Competitive Reward Structure and Valence of Outcome on Children's Achievement Attributions
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Ames, Carole; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977
Fifth-grade boys solved sets of achievement-related puzzles, working in pairs in which one succeeded and one failed. Results showed the reward structure of the performance setting was an important determinant of self and interpersonal evaluations. Competitive conditions caused self-punitive behavior for failure outcomes and some ego-enhancing…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Attribution Theory, Classroom Environment, Elementary Education
Competitive versus Individualistic Goal Structures: The Salience of Past Performance Information for Causal Attributions and Affect.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ames, Carole; Ames, Russell – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
The purpose of this study was to examine children's cognitive-attributional and affective response patterns within competitive and individualistic goal structures. Findings showed that effort attributions covaried with outcome in the individualistic structure, whereas luck and outcome covaried in the competitive structure. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Ability, Affective Behavior, Attribution Theory, Competition
An Examination of Children's Attributions and Achievement-Related Evaluations in Competitive, Cooperative, and Individualistic Reward Structures.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ames, Carole; Felker, Donald W. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979
An achievement situation describing two children successfully and unsuccessfully performing task in competitive, cooperative, and individualistic reward structures was presented to 400 children across five grade levels. Results showed that different evaluative beliefs about the concepts of ability and reward allocation were associated with each…
Descriptors: Achievement, Attribution Theory, Beliefs, Competition