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Parents' Responses to Their Children's Performance: A Process Examination in the United States and China
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Wei, Jun; Sze, Irene Nga-Lam; Ng, Florrie Fei-Yin; Pomerantz, Eva M. – Developmental Psychology, 2020
This research examined the idea that children's inferences about their parents' goals for them is a possible mechanism by which parents' responses to their children's performance contribute to children's psychological functioning. American (N = 447; M[subscript age] = 13.24 years; 49% girls; 95% European American) and Chinese (N = 439; M[subscript…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Parent Child Relationship, Responses, Parenting Styles
Cortisol Reactivity and Regulation Associated with Shame Responding in Early Childhood
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Mills, Rosemary S. L.; Imm, Gorette P.; Walling, Bobbi R.; Weiler, Hope A. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
The purpose of this study was to characterize cortisol response and regulation associated with shame responding in early childhood and to examine how general the relation between shame and cortisol is. It was predicted that children responding to task failure with shame would show a larger and more prolonged cortisol response than other children.…
Descriptors: Infants, Infant Behavior, Children, Gender Differences
The Interaction of Test Anxiety and Success-Failure Experiences in Determining Children's Arithmetic Performance
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Hill, Kennedy T.; Eaton, Warren O. – Developmental Psychology, 1977
Effects of the motives to approach success and to avoid failure were studied in 60 fifth- and sixth-grade boys and girls of low, middle, and high levels of test anxiety. Findings indicated that anxious children perform poorly due to motivational difficulties rather than to learning deficiencies. (Author/JMB)
Descriptors: Anxiety, Elementary Education, Failure, Motivation
Effects of Competition with Outcome Feedback on Children's Helping Behavior
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Barnett, Mark A.; Bryan, James H. – Developmental Psychology, 1974
Descriptors: Altruism, Competition, Elementary School Students, Failure
Level of "n" Achievement and Probability in Children
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Ollendick, Rhomas H.; Gruen, Gerald E. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Achievement, Failure, Grade 3, Middle Class
Normal and Retarded Children's Expectancy for Failure
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MacMillan, Donald L.; Keogh, Barbara K. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Expectation, Failure, Grade 3, Mild Mental Retardation
Effect of Instructional Set on Twelve-Year-Old Children's Perception of Interruption
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MacMillan, Donald L.; Keogh, Barbara K. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Failure, Grade 6, Mild Mental Retardation, Perception
Success, Failure, and Resistance to Temptation
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Fry, P. S. – Developmental Psychology, 1977
Seventy-eight 8- and 9-year-old subjects were randomly assigned to success, failure, and control conditions involving a test of intellectual ability. Subsequently, they were exposed to a resistance to temptation test involving play with a forbidden toy and measures of latency were taken. (JMB)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Failure
Self-Esteem, Success-Failure, and Locus of Control in Negro Children
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Epstein, Ralph; Komorita, S. S. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Black Youth, Disadvantaged, Failure, Lower Class
Effect of Success and Failure on the Reflective and Impulsive Child
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Reali, Norma; Hall, Vernon – Developmental Psychology, 1970
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Failure, Individual Characteristics, Males
Effects of Success, Failure, and Reward Outcome Upon Contingent and Noncontingent Self-Reinforcement
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Masters, John C. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Results of the present study show that children by the age of 7 have internalized systematic if not complex rules concerning the conditions under which they may engage in self-gratification. (Author)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Elementary School Students, Failure, Reinforcement
Relations among Children's Social Goals, Implicit Personality Theories, and Responses to Social Failure.
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Erdley, Cynthia A.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1997
In study 1, fourth and fifth graders who joined a club under performance conditions exhibited more helplessness after apparent rejection than children who joined under learning conditions. In study 2, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders who believed personality was nonmalleable were more likely to endorse performance goals in hypothetical socially…
Descriptors: Children, Elementary School Students, Failure, Intermediate Grades
Personal Orientation to Success and Failure in Urban Black Children
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Garrett, Alice M.; Willoughby, R. H. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Examines the hypothesis that lower-class black children are more external" in their personal orientation than middle-class white children. (Authors/MB)
Descriptors: Black Youth, Failure, Performance Factors, Responses