School leaders should not have to choose between personal well-being and professional success. However, as the pressures associated with high-stakes accountability persist, school leaders are often forced to make this difficult choice. In what we label as under-resourced schools, where leaders frequently experience the pressures associated with…

Fatigue is often defined as a mood state, a subjective feeling of tiredness or exhaustion that reduces our desire to continue working on a task (Bess et al., 2020; Hockey, 2013). Fatigue is ubiquitous, something most adults and children experience when struggling to complete a long or challenging task. Most of the time, all that is needed to…

Social media is an unavoidable part of our life and its referred as an "integral" in many studies since it is compliment of life. Sometimes students' stay awake all night for playing social media games or they get overinvolved in the social media life that they forget their real-life responsibilities. Is social media an escape from real…

Objectives and Theoretical Frame: Previous research has established the role of proactive interference (PI)--when old knowledge interferes with acquiring new knowledge--in forgetting simple experimental materials like lists of words (Wickens, 1972), nonsense syllables (Keppel & Underwood, 1962), and word pairs (Postman & Keppel, 1977).…

This pilot study delivers a preliminary report on students' attitudes toward Virtual Reality Assisted Language Learning (VRALL). Learners (N=22) participated in a VRALL lesson and then completed a post-experience survey. Virtual Reality (VR) technology allows for learning experiences that increasingly remove geographic limitations to foreign…

Research has demonstrated that cognitive and motivational teacher characteristics are crucial for students' development. Surprisingly less is known about teachers' negative affective characteristics and students learning. Therefore, we investigated the association between teachers' emotional exhaustion and students' achievement in mathematics.…

Current knowledge in the area of muscle physiology is a basis for a discussion on strength training programs. It is now recognized that the expression of strength is related to, but not dependent upon, the size of the muscle and is probably more related to the ability to recruit more muscle fibers in the contraction, or to better synchronize their…

Adolescent underachievers may be, in fact, victims of insomnia or other types of sleep disorders. Insomnia is a greatly overlooked affliction that affects approximately 13% of the adolescent population, creating daytime side-effects that could impair intellectual functioning, such as imposing learning constraints. Poor sleepers among the…

The majority of shoulder injuries occurring in throwing sports involve the soft tissue structures. Injuries often occur when the unit is overstretched to a point near its greatest length, involving the elastic tissues. The other injury mechanism involves the contractural unit of the muscle, which occurs near the midpoint of contractions, involving…

This paper reviews, compares, and summarizes writings from 1974 to 1980 which address the concept of burnout. The 48 writings are summarized in a tabular format and presented in chronological order to provide the reader with a sense of trends. The table also includes authors, year of publication, the occupation of the "burned-out" individual, and…

The differential results obtained when the perceived exertion levels of 19 high-fit and 17 low-fit women were assessed according to Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and magnitude estimation suggests that the RPE scaling procedures may be tapping a very select component of the perceptual process. These results do indicate that the scaling…

In August and September of 1989, 76 fourth year students at the University of Arizona College of Medicine took the objective structured clinical examinations. Analyses were conducted looking at the relationship of sequence to see whether scores showed a decrease in the afternoon. No significant effect of examinee fatigue was seen. (MLW)

A quasi-experimental study explored the ways in which the full-day kindergarten program is beneficial and/or detrimental to students compared to the half-day and/or extended-day program. The sample consisted of six full-day schools matched with half-day schools on geographic location, school size, student norm-referenced data, and socioeconomic…

This study reexamines results reported by Angoff and Schrader regarding formula directions and rights directions for standardized tests. In that study, it was concluded that the two scoring directions were essentially equivalent. In this study, methodological concerns are discussed and additional data analyses undertaken. Among various…