Special education, a discipline that aims to provide specialized instruction to meet the unique needs of each child with a disability, has turned 40 years old in the United States. Ever since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) in 1975, every state has been directed to provide a free and appropriate…

This paper examines the U.S. social insurance system, which we define broadly to include both programs supported by dedicated taxes and other federal programs that provide income support, assistance in meeting basic needs, or services to improve economic opportunity. The paper considers the social insurance system as a whole as well as its…

The enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act (2002) and the subsequent succession of legislative acts have had a profound impact on educational policy. An increased emphasis on teacher accountability and effectiveness led to the use of standardized test results to determine tangible rewards or punishments. In response, a culture of teaching to…

In 2009, the Obama Administration created a $4.3 billion dollar grant competition for states called "Race to the Top" (RttT). The money, earmarked from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, was to be distributed by the Department of Education to states who were making efforts to adhere to precirculated reforms supported by…

This paper considers three aspects of federal legislation and policy that are critical to an understanding of federal dissemination of research and development and exemplary practice information in education. One of the major difficulties is the variety of viewpoints on what constitutes dissemination. These range from one-way flow of information…

This article describes the breadth of federal support for educational knowledge production and application. Support from the Education Division of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare is discussed in detail. (Author/MC)

The three parts of the report on career education activities reflect the three purposes of the report. Part 1, Reviewing the Past, traces the historical development of career education within the Office of Education (OE) from 1968 through 1973. Part 2, Describing the Present, describes the set of criteria developed to separate OE activities into…

Describes the historical development of the United States Department of Education beginning in 1785 and explains the components that will comprise the new Department of Education. (LRA)

This report arrives at the composite estimate of Federal funding of education knowledge production and utilization (KPU) for FY 1975 by examining and comparing four data bases with respect to four definitional issues and then proposing a definition of the boundaries of the domain of interest to NIE and the Subcommittee on Research, Development,…

This report examines support for education Knowledge Production and Utilization (KPU) using data provided by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Study Project on Social Research and Development. The scope of education KPU is discussed in terms of social policy areas relevant to education and activities relevant to KPU. The conceptual framework…

Shifts in funding priorities at the National Institute of Education may indicate significant changes in the types of activities NIE will support in coming years. Less emphasis will be placed on curriculum development activities and more on research and strengthening others' development capabilities and efforts. (Author)

The federal grant administrator may well be the catalyst to help school districts obtain maximum utilization of the federal dollar in their operations. His role could well serve to encourage research and development on the elementary and secondary level. (Author/DN)

Attempts to analyze what happened to the high hopes for ESEA Title III and how its original direction can be modified to achieve its original goal of promoting beneficial change in American education while lessening the time between development of new teaching practices and their adoption in the classroom. Considers the specific impact of ESEA…

Based on a local site sample of 146 school districts, this volume (the second in a series of 10) describes school improvement efforts supported by 4 different federal strategies and representative programs: interpersonal linkage of validated practices (National Diffusion Network), commercial distribution (Bureau of Education for the Handicapped…

Discussed the Office of Education's new initiatives being added to its Right to Read Program in its continuing effort to eliminate illiteracy, assist those with severe reading problems, and prevent new cases of reading deficiencies from developing. (Author/RK)