Religious ferment has been on the rise in public schools. For example, recent newspaper accounts report a controversy in Mustang, Oklahoma, concerning the superintendent's removal of a nativity scene from an elementary school's holiday production; a suit by a Cupertino, California, elementary school teacher against a principal who censored his…

This article is adapted from "Chew Heong v. United States: Chinese Exclusion and the Federal Courts", written by Lucy Salyer, associate professor of history at the University of New Hampshire, for inclusion in the Federal Judicial Center's project, "Federal Trials and Great Debates in United States History." In 1882, Congress…

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a broadly worded statement that addresses discrimination in schools and other settings. Enacted at about the same time as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504 has been used sparingly in elementary and secondary schools. Section 504 presents an opportunity to redress…

The U.S. Supreme Court appeared sharply divided over the question of whether the main federal special education law allows parents to be reimbursed for the costs of experts when they prevail in legal proceedings. The case argued on April 19, 2006, asks whether a court may require a school district to pay the fees of an expert who assists parents…

Argues that all bills that would limit the power of the federal courts to consider or grant remedies in cases affecting the fundamental rights of citizens under the Constitution should be held violative of the Constitution. (Author/AM)

Plaintiff Williams & Wilkins Company, a medical publisher, charges that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM), has infringed plaintiff's copyrights in certain of its medical journals by making unauthorized photocopies of articles from those…

Reviews significant decisions of the lower federal courts in 1984 affecting the field of immigration, nationality law, and the rights of aliens. Decisions reviewed cover these topics: asylum and withholding of deportation; waivers of inadmissibility; suspension of deportation; adjustment of status; students; visas; deferred action; aliens' rights;…

Summarizes outcome of appeals to federal circuit courts of appeal and to the U.S. Supreme Court by losing parties. With few exceptions, appeals result in no significant changes in holdings. (Contains 27 references.) (PKP)

The Supreme Court decision in "Smith II" found two Native Americans, discharged from their jobs for using peyote as part of the sacramental service in their Native American Church, ineligible for unemployment compensation benefits. Examines how the decision has had an immediate and profound effect on judicial interpretation of free…

Describes the process of developing a procedures manual for federal court administrators: the draft was used as a "pretest" questionnaire and a workshop was conducted to train staff in the use of the manual. (SK)

Since 1996, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), located in Southern California, has been under a federal court consent decree requiring compliance with laws pertaining to the delivery of special education services and the elimination of architectural barriers in schools. In 2003, the consent decree was modified, creating…

In this article I analyze two cases that are the result of parents' complaints against education authorities for alleged indirect discrimination on the basis of their child's lack of access to instruction through Auslan in regular school settings. Although bilingual/bicultural programs for deaf students in Australia are available in some special…

The Supreme Court first affirmed the importance of academic freedom in 1957. Yet in subsequent cases, First Amendment precedent has displaced the concept of academic freedom to resolve disputes among competing interests on public campuses, primarily in favor of institutions. This paper draws on the concepts of path dependence and policy space to…

This article traces the Devils Tower litigation in the context of the "Bear Lodge" alliance's theoretical underpinnings, particularly the interrelationship among culture, geographic place, and religion, as well as the institutional mechanisms that regulate litigation alliances in the U.S. judicial system. It discusses principal factors…

REVIEWED ARE VARIOUS LEGAL DECISIONS IN FEDERAL COURTS FOR TEACHER DESEGREGATION IN SOUTHERN SCHOOLS. THE COURTS HAVE STATED THEIR ORDERS FOR FACULTY DESEGREGATION IN RATHER GENERAL TERMS OR SET A STANDARD OF ONE OR TWO TEACHERS WHOSE RACE IS DIFFERENT FROM THE MAJORITY AT A GIVEN SCHOOL. THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED IN THE "SOUTHERN EDUCATION…