Achieving the goals of federal education legislation depends on how federal funds are distributed and used. Since the enactment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965, various federal programs have been created to support educational improvement and target additional resources to meet the educational needs of children who are…

The school lunch program has not responded to national needs: the greater the need of the child from a poor neighborhood, the less the community is able to meet it. Of about eight million children whose families cannot afford the cost of a school meal, three million receive a lunch free or at reduced cost; of the five million denied reasonable…

Contents of Part One include, in addition to the testimony of the witnesses called, such materials as: examples of citizen complaints, about the operation of school lunch programs; a report on the nutritional status of preschool Mexican-American farm children; a report on the Demonstration Migrant Nutrition Education Project, Edinburg, Texas; a…

This report examines state earned income tax credits (EICs) as a means to assist working poor families to escape poverty. Specifically, the report notes that six states have their own EICs, expressed as a percentage of the federal EIC, with the advantages being that the credit is a reward for work, is a pro-family policy, is efficiently targeted,…

This hearing reviews testimony concerning H.R. 2246, the Jobs for Employable Dependent Individuals Act (JEDI). JEDI is a voluntary program whereby states receive additional funds to fight the problem of chronic welfare dependency and poverty. The bill would require the existing Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) to target job training efforts at…

The National Center for Children in Poverty is developing a series of issue briefs on children and welfare reform to help policymakers, community leaders, and advocates use the opportunities afforded by welfare changes in ways that are most likely to benefit both children and adults. This second issue brief focuses on the impact of federal and…

This report is an analysis of the problems facing urban areas in relation to their preschool programs for the disadvantaged. The main focus is New York City day care centers. Subjects include day care and preschool education, history of the origin and expansion of day care centers, New York City's day care, and educational issues encompassing…

According to recent studies, families with children are now the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population: 40 percent of the homeless population consists of members of families. Forty-three percent of homeless children do not attend school, which provides children with a much-needed sense of place and continuity that they otherwise lack…

The trend in the early 1960's was toward manpower programs to help the unemployed and underemployed to get jobs and improve their job status through federally financed job training. The objective was to get those workers who had been trained in these programs into unsubsidized jobs. The trend toward job creation came later in the decade; the…

A new bill has been introduced in Congress by Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA) and Representative Dale Kildee (D-MI) that would make full-day early childhood education widely available to preschool students. The bill, labeled "Smart Start" (S. 2270) is intended to help economically disadvantaged preschool students, whose numbers have…

Congressional hearings on American children and youth living in crisis were conducted in an effort to determine how the needs of these young people can assume their proper place in national priorities. A three-pronged strategy was suggested by chairman Edward Kennedy: (1) more investment in cost-effective programs that work (for example, Head…

Noting that the mid-1990s are an era of experimentation in welfare initiatives, this publication summarizes 34 research studies on children and welfare reform. Articles include studies of children and parents in poverty, studies of program models likely to have direct implications for children, and outcome evaluations of welfare-to-work programs…

DURING THE EARLY 1960'S, THREE PRIMARY CHANGES OCCURRED IN THE UNITED STATES WHICH CALLED FOR A BASIC REORIENTATION IN ATTITUDES, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS OF ACTION. INVOLVED WERE (1) AN ECONOMIC POLICY TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH (1964 REVENUE ACT), (2) AN ACTIVE MANPOWER POLICY TO PROVIDE A TRAINED LABOR SUPPLY (1965 MANPOWER…

These four quarterly reports for 1998 provide a forum for scholarly reviews and discussions of developmental research and its implications for the policies affecting children. The first issue focuses on fathering. The main article addresses perspectives of fathers' involvement in children's lives in developing countries, specifically, issues of a…

It is the purpose of this Act to provide job training and employment opportunities for economically disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons, and to assure that training and other services lead to maximum employment opportunities and enhance self-sufficiency by establishing a flexible and decentralized system of Federal, State, and…